地基大口径光电望远镜抖动误差测量与抑制研究

In order to improve the ratio of cost performance, and make the telescope meet the more reasonable requirements under the limited seeing condition, the key technology of jitter and its mitigation for ground based large aperture telescope have been researched. Based on the Giant Steerable Science Mirror (GSSM) with a 3.594 meter × 2.536 meter × 0.1 meter (long axis × short axis × thickness) elliptical flat mirror system which plays as a relatively independent subsystem of Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and as a starting point for the research, then based on the prototype of GSSM as the experiment platform, the theory and application research on jitter evaluation based on the combination of optical transfer function (OTF) and Normalized Point Source Sensitivity (PSSn), the jitter testing based on high accuracy encoder and accelerometer, with the jitter data analysis considering of the mirror seeing based on slope and Simpson numerical integration based on frequency domain, the jitter model of large telescope system based on change points of both mean and variance is built and verified by the simulation and testing at the end of the research. The research will improve the cost performance and resolve the scientific problems for large telescope, then make the service to the national future astronomical science project.

为了提高地基大口径光电望远镜的性价比，使望远镜系统在一定视宁度条件下，满足更科学合理的性能要求，对地基大口径光电望远镜抖动误差与抑制进行了相关关键技术研究。依托三十米望远镜(TMT)中相对独立的子系统——巨型可控科学反射镜(GSSM)，以该3.594m×2.536m×0.1m(长轴×短轴×厚度)的椭圆形平面镜系统为研究切入点，并以该系统的原理演示验证系统作为实验平台，开展基于光学传递函数与标准化点源敏感性(PSSn)相结合的大口径光电望远镜系统抖动误差评价方法的理论研究和应用研究，以高精度编码器和加速度计作为抖动误差的测量手段，对获取的测量数据引入基于斜率的镜面视宁度估计和基于频域辛普森数值积分的分析，建立基于“均值方差双变点”的抖动误差模型，并开展相关误差抑制仿真与实验分析，完善系统误差模型，提升系统建造性价比，解决大口径光电望远镜系统所面临的科学问题，服务于国家将来的天文大科学工程。

为了提高地基大口径光电望远镜的性价比，使望远镜系统在一定视宁度条件下，满足更科学合理的性能要求，对地基大口径光电望远镜抖动误差与抑制进行了相关关键技术研究。依托三十米望远镜(TMT)中相对独立的子系统——巨型可控科学反射镜(GSSM)，以该3.594m×2.536m×0.1m(长轴×短轴×厚度)的椭圆形平面镜系统为研究切入点，并以该系统的原理演示验证系统作为实验平台，完成了基于光学传递函数与标准化点源敏感性(PSSn)相结合的大口径光电望远镜系统抖动误差评价方法的理论研究和应用研究，以高精度编码器和加速度计作为抖动误差的测量手段，对获取的测量数据引入基于斜率的镜面视宁度估计和基于频域辛普森数值积分的分析，建立了基于“均值方差双变点”的抖动误差模型，并依托TMT项目的GSSM原理演示验证汇演系统，完成了误差抑制仿真与实验分析，完善了GSSM系统误差模型，为提升系统建造性价比提供了技术支撑，也为我所“一四六”规划的四大重点突破技术之一的大口径光学工程技术奠定了基础。本项目研究共发表论文29篇，先后培养博士研究生2人，硕士研究生2人，完成了国际合作项目三十米望远镜(TMT)三镜系统(GSSM)的方案设计以及原理样机验证实验。