高精度单向光纤频率传递噪声控制机理及技术

High-precision frequency dissemination via optical fiber has many important applications in the field of accurate time keeping, navigation and position, radar network, deep space exploration, precision metrology and measurement and so on. The “two-way mechanism” which has been widely used in the current dissemination system can provide a very outstanding performance by the noise measurement and compensation. Because it has many limitations such as depending on the two-way link, complex, needing many special equipment, however, it is limited the applications on the network applications. So to adapt to the increasingly urgent demand in the field of integration with fiber communication network and large-scale time and frequency network, it is very urgent for the development of new methods and techniques about the high-precision frequency dissemination. The project proposes a new method with filtering and suppressing the frequency transfer noise on the condition of one-way transferring by the laser injection-locking technique, and then realizing the high-precision and long-haul frequency dissemination via optical fiber based on a broadcast mode. To solve many critical questions and techniques such as the analysis of noise sources and their spectrum characterizations of the one-way transfer via optical fiber, the mechanism modes and control methods of the laser injection-locking, we can make some breakthroughs on the limitations of “two-way mechanism”, and explore a new technique route about the high-precision frequency dissemination via optical fiber, to promote its vigorous developments and wide applications.

高精度光纤频率传递在精准守时授时、导航定位、雷达组网、深空探测、精密计量与测量等重大基础设施建设和前沿科学研究中具有广泛的应用前景。常规的“双向体制”通过双向或多次往返比对的方式实现噪声测量与补偿，可提供非常杰出的传递性能，但是在组网或网络化应用方面面临着依赖于双向链路、体系复杂、专用设备较多等诸多限制，亟需发展全新的高精度光纤频率传递方法，以适应时频与光纤通信网融合、大规模时频基准组网等方面越来越迫切的应用需求。本项目提出在光纤单向传播的情况下在远端利用激光注入锁定实现频率传递噪声的相干滤波和抑制，可以近似广播的模式实现频率的高精度长距离光纤传递，通过解决单向光纤频率传递噪声频域特征分析模型、激光注入锁定全频段噪声控制物理机理和优化控制等若干关键问题和技术，突破光纤频率传递现有“双向体制”不便于网络应用等各类瓶颈问题，探索新的高精度光纤频率传递方法和技术，促进其蓬勃发展和广泛应用。

高精度光纤频率传递在精准守时授时、导航定位、雷达组网、深空探测、精密计量与测量等重大基础设施建设和前沿科学研究中具有广泛的应用前景。本项目针对时频与光纤通信网融合、大规模时频基准组网等方面对全新的高精度光纤频率传递方法的需求，对高精度单向光纤频率传递噪声控制机理及技术开展了研究，项目按照任务书计划执行，完成了预期目标。解决了单向光纤频率传递噪声频域特征分析模型、激光注入锁定噪声抑制机理、激光噪声演化特性测试等关键问题和技术，实现了基于注入锁定的高精度光纤频率传递。设计和搭建了基于激光注入锁定技术的高精度光纤频率传递系统，在263km实验室光纤链路的频率传递稳定度达2.8E-16@1s，6.5E-20@10000s。项目资助下，在国内外核心期刊上发表学术论文15篇（其中SCI收录12篇），皆标注本项目资助（其中第一标注12篇），申请发明专利3项（皆已授权），会议报告或论文5次，培养参研青年技术骨干2名，博/硕士研究生6名。在完成任务书计划基础上，还对频率和时间相位的同时传递进行了扩展研究；对基于多波长色散效应、空芯光子晶体光纤的单向传递方案进行了探索研究；对光纤时频传递关键技术和器件在微波光子、雷达组网等领域进行了初步的应用研究。项目将为突破光纤频率传递“双向体制”不便于网络应用等瓶颈问题、促进光纤频率传递大规模组网、以及与通信网融合等提供了理论和技术支持。