瓦斯抑爆粉体的功能导向设计及抑制机理研究

Explosion suppression agent is the core component of the explosion suppression device for gas delivery pipeline. The performance of the suppression agent directly affects the reliability of the gas pipeline safety assurance system. In order to obtain high-performance gas explosion-suppression powders, the project is based on the mechanisms of gas explosion, design function-oriented explosion suppression powders using natural aluminosilicate mineral powders as raw materials. Through ultrafine technology, pore forming technology, ion exchange method and surface modification method respectively, the particle size, porosity, metal element composition and surface functional groups were controlled to obtain high endothermic enthalpy, large porosity, large ratio surface area and highly reactive powders, in order to achieve synergistic inhibition effect of endothermic effect, quenching effect, surface effect and chain reaction interruption effect. The relationship between structure and explosion suppression performance of the function-oriented powders were studied by the gas explosion experiments. Based on the intermediate free radicals and the final products generated during the reaction of powder and gas explosion, combining with the reaction thermodynamics and quantum chemistry theory calculations, the gas explosion suppression mechanism of function-oriented explosion-suppression powder was revealed. This project provides new ideas for the research and development of highly efficient gas explosion suppression agent and has important scientific significance for the improving the mechanism of gas explosion suppression.

抑爆剂是瓦斯输送管道抑爆装置的核心组成，其性能优劣直接影响瓦斯管道抑爆系统的可靠性。本项目拟采用天然硅铝酸盐矿物粉体为原料，基于瓦斯爆炸的热爆炸机理和链式反应机理，以抑爆功能为导向改性设计高效粉体抑爆剂。通过超细化技术、成孔技术、离子交换方法、表面改性方法，调控粉体粒径、孔性特征、金属元素组分、表面官能团种类，获得具有高吸热焓、大比表面积、大孔隙率、高反应活性的抑爆粉体，以期实现吸热效应、淬熄效应、表面效应和链式反应中断效应的协同抑爆作用。通过抑爆实验研究粉体对瓦斯爆炸的抑制效果，厘清其理化特性与抑爆性能之间的科学联系，测试分析粉体与瓦斯爆炸作用过程中产生的自由基及气、固相最终产物，结合反应热力学及量子化学理论计算，揭示其瓦斯抑爆机理。通过本项目的研究，可为高效瓦斯抑爆剂的设计制备提供新思路，并对完善瓦斯抑爆机理具有重要科学意义。

瓦斯爆炸事故严重威胁生产稳定及生命财产安全，抑爆剂是瓦斯抑爆装置的核心组成，其性能优劣直接影响抑爆系统的可靠性。本项目从防治瓦斯爆炸事故出发，基于瓦斯爆炸反应机理反演推理，以抑爆功能为导向，选用天然矿物粉体为原料，通过超细化技术、表面改性技术等先进手段，获得了具有超细粒度、高比表面积、大孔隙率、高吸热焓的抑爆粉体材料；系统研究了其对甲烷爆炸压力、火焰传播时长、爆炸火焰传播速度及火焰形貌等爆炸参数的影响规律，对比分析了功能改性前后粉体抑爆性能的差异，结合不同材料的物性特征，深入探究了其瓦斯抑爆性能，获得了粉体的粒径尺度、官能团种类对瓦斯抑爆性能的影响规律，厘清了改性工艺-理化特性-抑爆性能之间的科学联系；基于热爆炸机理的物理抑制作用和基于链式爆炸机理的化学抑制作用，揭示了功能导向改性粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸反应的物理-化学耦合作用机理，实现了吸热效应、尺寸效应、表面效应和链式反应中断效应的协同抑爆作用。研究成果可为所研发的新型高效抑爆剂在瓦斯抑爆领域的应用提供理论基础和技术借鉴。