长柄扁桃食用油脂特征地理变异的环境因子驱动机制

As new woody edible oil plants, Amygdalus pedunculata has a natural advantage and great potential in china. How to maintain its outstanding quality of oil and delimit its suitable distribution area becomes a strong demand to promote the development of Amygdalus pedunculata industry. In the previous studies, environmental factors is an important driving force in Amygdalus pedunculata oil characteristics of geographic variation, directly or indirectly lead to characteristic of Amygdalus pedunculata different geographic provenances value of fat variation, especially driven variation consisting of two decided to raw material quality edible oil factors of oil content and fatty acid composition. In this work, we will collect mature Amygdalus pedunculata nuts and environmental factors in the whole distribution area. The key environmental factors which affect oil properties variation of geographical provenance and the relationship with the environmental factors will be analyzed. The variation of environmental factors on the characteristics of oil driving mechanism will be explored according to the two provenances of forest test. Then use the GIS technology, combined with the variation of Amygdalus pedunculata oil, the Amygdalus pedunculata ecological energy forest suitability map and marginal land utilization plan will be drawn. Those works will contribute to not only improving the yield and quality of Amygdalus pedunculata oil by cultural environment and expanding exploitation and utilization area, but also providing the healthy and orderly development of Amygdalus pedunculata ecological economic forest.

长柄扁桃作为我国新型的木本食用油生产原料具有天然优势和巨大潜力。如何保持其油脂突出品质，划定其适宜分布区成为推动长柄扁桃产业发展的强烈需求。前期研究表明，环境因素是长柄扁桃油脂特征地理变异的重要驱动力，直接或者间接导致长柄扁桃不同地理种源间油脂的特征值的变异，尤其是对食用油脂原料品质的两个决定因素—油脂含量和脂肪酸组成变异的驱动。本项目拟在前期长柄扁桃资源调查的基础上，通过合理布置全部分布区内采样点，多点采集评价种仁油脂特性，探析驱动地理种源间油脂特性变异的关键环境因子及其与环境因子的关联度，经分布区内、外两种地理种源林试验佐证，探讨环境因子对油脂特征的变异驱动机制。进而利用GIS技术，结合油脂变异规律，对长柄扁桃生境适宜性进行量化分析，绘制其边际土地适宜性分布图。以期为提高长柄扁桃油脂含量和品质栽培环境的选择，及边际土地合理的利用提供理论依据，促进我国长柄扁桃生态经济林的健康有序发展。

长柄扁桃作为我国新型的木本食用油生产原料具有天然优势和巨大潜力。如何保持其油脂 突出品质，划定其适宜分布区成为推动长柄扁桃产业发展的强烈需求。本项目在调查长柄扁桃资源的基础上，检测分析了不同种源长柄扁桃脂肪酸组分及油脂含量以及甾醇等特色组分，通过关联环境因子，探究环境因子对油脂特征的变异影响。进而利用GIS技术，结合油脂变异规律，对长柄扁桃生境适宜性进行划定。油脂特性分析表明，脂肪酸的变异系数从大到小依次为亚麻酸＞顺－ 11 － 二十碳烯酸＞ 硬脂酸＞ 棕榈油酸＞ 亚油酸＞ 棕榈酸＞ 油酸；另外，油脂生育酚组分极具特色，富含氧化稳定性更高的γ- Tocopherols，是其油脂氧化稳定性更好因素之一；长柄扁桃油脂富含丰富的β-谷甾醇等植物甾醇，不同种源表现出一定的变异规律。通过脂肪酸等组分与环境因子关联分析表明，海拔与脂肪酸不饱和度以及油脂的含量呈现显著正负相关。利用GIS技术结合MaxEnt模型划定了长柄扁桃在我国的适宜分布区，长柄扁桃在我国生长区域较为狭窄，仅在北部地区有适生区分布，主要分布在内蒙古、新疆、陕西、山西、河北等地有高适生区分布。而在甘肃、江苏等地最高只有较适宜生长区存在。通过本项目的实施，相关研究成果为提高长柄扁桃油脂含量和品质栽培环境的选择，及边际土地合理的利用了提供理论依据，为促进我国长柄扁桃生态经济林的健康有序发展奠定了一定的理论基础。