红嘴相思鸟繁殖成功率与种群动态研究

Exploring the factors that influence the breeding success and population dynamics of birds, can not only enrich the basic biological information, but also help to simulate and forecast the population dynamics, which can be applied for bird conservation and management planning. Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) is a common forest passerine in south China. Owning to its high ornamental value, Red-billed Leiothrix was introduced to several countries long ago. At present, there are much more information about the breeding biology come from studies of introduced populations at abroad than from the origin ranges in forests of south China. Researches on the basic life history characteristics of population in origin ranges can be informative for the adaptive evolution studies and management strategies in introduced populations. Following a long-term systematical study, this project plan to monitor the reproductive performance and population quantity among different geographic populations of Red-billed Leiothrix. We will quantify the temp-spatial factors that influence the breeding success and population dynamics, and employ DSR model, MCDS model, Recovery model, and Pradel model to discuss the ecological significance of statistically significant environment factors, in order to understand the seasonal and interannual variation patterns of population dynamics. This project will promote to reveal life history characteristics and adaptive mechanism in Red-billed Leiothrix, as well as to contribute other related studies in forest passerines with reference to theory and practice.

探讨影响鸟类繁殖和种群动态的因素，不仅可丰富鸟类的基础生物学资料，而且有助于模拟和预测鸟类种群数量的变化趋势，为鸟类保护管理提供依据。红嘴相思鸟具有较高的观赏和生态价值，其最主要的原产地在我国南方林区。目前，有关该物种的繁殖生物学资料更多地是来自对引入种群的研究，对于原产地种群的研究报道相对较少。深入了解该物种原产地的基础生活史特征，能够为引入种群的适应性进化研究提供原始资料，便于更好的管理。本项目拟对红嘴相思鸟不同地理种群的繁殖表现和种群动态进行长期系统地监测，应用DSR模型、MCDS模型、Recovery 模型和Pradel 模型等模型构建与筛选技术，探讨具有显著性影响效应的环境因子的生态学意义，掌握该物种野外种群动态在季节和年际间的变化模式。本研究不仅可以揭示红嘴相思鸟生活史特征和探讨该物种的适应性机制，同时也为其它森林雀形目鸟类的相关研究提供理论和实践的借鉴。

深入开展鸟类繁殖生态学研究，探讨影响鸟类繁殖的因素，不仅可丰富鸟类的基础生物学资料，而且有助于了解和预测鸟类种群数量的变化趋势，为鸟类种群的保护管理提供依据。红嘴相思鸟（Leiothrix lutea）是我国南方地区森林鸟类群落中数量较多和分布较广的常见鸟种之一，具有较高的观赏和生态保护价值。近年来受到国内外学者的关注，对于该物种详细的生活史信息及种群维持机制尚缺乏全面的了解。本项目基于以往前期红嘴相思鸟繁殖生态学研究的基础上，进一步持续对该物种的繁殖成功率及相关影响因子进行监测，了解其种群优势维持的机制。通过对研究结果的初步分析，表明近年来红嘴相思鸟繁殖成功率维持在较低的水平，而该物种较同域分布的鸟类具有更长的繁殖期，可能为缓解红嘴相思鸟在受到各种栖息地干扰因素影响下承受的捕食压力；巢日存活率最优模型表现为巢周隐蔽度、植被总盖度和草本盖度对于巢日存活率最为重要，此外人为干扰强度也是影响巢日存活率的重要因素，对于偏好在林缘灌丛内繁殖的物种而言，在获得高隐蔽度和植被盖度的同时，又面临干扰的增加和多样化的捕食者，长期可能会导致“生态陷阱”的后果；对于加强该物种的保护，管理部门应当减少人为干扰，维持和恢复林缘灌丛植被的丰富性。根据对红嘴相思鸟繁殖参数的监测发现鸟卵卵色普遍随孵卵进程发生较为明显的色彩变化，这一变化可以作为判断孵卵日龄的依据，并值得深入探讨其适应机制。繁殖种群调查显示，红嘴相思鸟在繁殖地拥有较高的种群数量和密度，而野外环志重捕调查显示，短期内对于详细掌握大种群、低视觉探察的隐匿物种种群动态的基本参数十分困难。通过分子鉴定性别的试验，初步分析发现红嘴相思鸟雄鸟体重显著高于雌鸟，从外部形态特征鉴别该物种的性别未来可能需要参考雌雄两性的尾上覆羽白色末端斑宽。能够快速通过外部形态判别该物种的性别对于开展野外监测工作将具有重要的意义。