建筑用水量变化规律及其二次供水系统节能的研究

The research on fluctuation law of water consumption in building has always been vacant in China, since it has a direct link to the energy consumption of buildings' secondary water supply system (SWSS), especially in middle-rise and high-rise buildings. Now designers use the method of estimation algorithm to design SWSS in application due to lacking of theoretical basis, which couldn't guarantee the system working scientifically and reasonably, leading to more consumption both the electricity and water and making energy waste as a result. The research is about to deeply explore the fluctuation law of water consumption and the theoretical energy consumption of water supply system in different types of buildings in detail. Fluctuation law of water consumption in building has a close connection to buildings' types、scales、building code、water price、region（living habit）、seasons、holidays and other factors. Weighing factors that factors mentioned above make on fluctuation law of water consumption in building should be found out through real-time monitoring and theoretical analysis of actual fluctuation law of water consumption in different kinds of buildings. Establishing the solution model of fluctuation law of water consumption in building can make calculation and forecast for each type of buildings, offering theoretical basis for configuration and operation of water supply system in buildings. The quantity of high-rise buildings has been increasing so quickly in recent years that the energy consumed by water supply system is getting larger. Theoretical consumption of water supply system is correlative to not only the quantity and elevation of water supplied, but fluctuation law of water consumption as well. The theoretical consumption of scientific and reasonable water supply system lay the theoretical basis for its energy saving and emission reduction.

我国在建筑用水量变化规律的研究方面还是空白，建筑特别是中高层建筑的用水量变化规律直接关系到建筑二次供水系统的能耗。目前我国在建筑供水系统的设计时，由于缺乏理论依据而一直采用估算的方法，不能保障供水系统的科学性与合理性，从而增加电耗和水耗，造成了能源浪费。本课题针对不同类型建筑的用水量变化规律及其供水系统理论能耗进行深入细致的研究。建筑的用水规律与建筑类型、规模、建设标准、水价、地域（生活习惯）、季节、节假日等因素密切相关。通过对各类建筑的实际用水量变化规律进行大量的实际监测和理论分析研究，找出上述各因素对建筑用水量变化规律的影响权重。建立建筑用水量变规律的求解模型，可以对各类建筑的用水量变化规律进行推算和预测，为建筑供水系统的设置及运行提供理论依据。近年来由于我国高层建筑数量猛增，其供水系统的能耗也越来越大。供水系统的理论能耗与供水量的大小、供水所需的高程以及用水量的变化规律等密切相关。

建筑特别是中高层建筑的用水量变化规律直接关系到建筑二次供水系统的能耗。不同类型建筑的用水量变化规律差异很大，同一类型建筑由于规模、标准、以及季节等因素的影响，其用水量变化规律也有很大的区别。针对我国在建筑用水量变化规律研究方面的不足，本课题选取了具有监测条件的医院、宾馆、普通办公楼、写字楼、教学楼、高校学生宿舍、住宅及建筑小区等多种类型的建筑，对其二次供水系统进行了长期的实时在线监测，采集了大量的监测数据。通过对各类建筑的实际用水量数据的理论分析研究，找出了建筑用水量变化规律及其影响因素，并建立建筑用水量变化的求解模型。从而构建了多种建筑类型的用水量变化规律。我们还深入分析和探讨了用水量变化规律对供水系统节能的积极作用。针对医院类建筑水耗过高的问题，对其生活用水系统、热水系统、中水系统以及空调补水系统分别进行了长期监测，获得了各类用水的比例和其用水量变化规律。本课题的研究为建筑二次供水系统的优化设置及运行提供了数据支持和理论依据。