宅基地有偿退出与有偿使用策略对农户决策行为的影响机理、响应阈值与政策优化

The strategies of compensation exit and paid use of the rural homestead are the important parts of the System Reform for the Rural Homestead. The results come from farmers’ response, the core lies in calculation the response threshold value, the key issue is decided by innovative policies.. Firstly, the study will try to explore the influence mechanism of farmers’ decision behavior about the strategies of compensation exit and paid use of the rural homestead based on the theoretical model. Secondly, the influence factors of farmers’ decision behavior will be analyzed by the multi-hierarchy analysis model based on the variables, such as the individual endowment, family endowment, economic level, the system and policy with regard to regional characteristics. The datum comes from the field survey of reform experimental area. Thirdly, the objects of compensation exit and paid use of the rural homestead will be defined scientifically by analyzing the historical reasons. It will explore how to match the quantity and area proportion of the rural homestead with each household. The response threshold value of compensation exit and paid use for the rural homestead will be calculated respectively based on the Cost-Income Method and the Contingent Value Method. Fourthly, the policies are put forward from the innovative practice of local experience from different regions using the Complicated Induction Method. Different types of regions and farmers will be spurred from the institutions of restriction and promotion, control system and guarantee system.. So the study will provide the famers with a good system environment, who can acquire the rural homestead and use it economically and intensively. It will provide the center and local governments with the optimization strategies also. At the same time, it will guarantee potential release of rural construction land and ensure the lawful land rights and interests of the farmers in view of powerful policies.

宅基地有偿退出与有偿使用策略是宅基地制度改革的重要内容，成效在于农户响应，核心在于阈值测定，关键在于政策创新。.本研究拟通过建立理论模型，探讨宅基地有偿退出与有偿使用策略对农户决策行为的影响机理。运用田野调查，选择农户个体禀赋、家庭禀赋、经济水平、制度政策、区域特征等变量，采用多层次模型，对影响农户决策行为的因素进行系统分析。在厘清历史原因、科学界定有偿使用、有偿退出对象的基础上，探讨户与宅的匹配值、户均面积标准值等问题，运用收益成本法与意愿调查法，科学测定宅基地有偿退出、有偿使用的响应阈值。运用综合归纳法，将试点区创新性实践的地方经验上升为国家政策，针对不同区域、不同类型的农户提出激励性、约束性、调控性与保障性政策建议，为农户依法公平取得、节约集约利用宅基地营造良好的制度环境；为党和政府优化宅基地管理策略提供翔实的依据；为释放农村建设用地潜力、保障农户合法宅基地权益提供强有力的政策保障。

宅基地有偿退出与有偿使用策略是宅基地制度改革的重要内容，成效在于农户响应，核心在于阈值测定，关键在于政策创新。研究表明：基于农户有限理性决策理论与IAD延伸决策模型进行系统综合分析，加强增强了研究模型变量说服力，确保了回归方程严密性，完善了研究内容。.农户参与宅基地退出行为遵循“农户感知价值→农户退出意愿→农户退出决策行为”这一路径模式，农户感知价值受到性别、年龄、受教育程度、家庭年纯收入、宅基地利用现状、村庄基础设施、村庄居住环境等因素的显著影响。同时，农户退出行为受到感知价值、感知利益、感知风险、退出意愿的显著影响，政策制度在农户退出意愿和退出行为中起到正向中介作用。.宅基地退出补偿是农户自愿选择的一个过程，是农户能接受的最小值和政府能承受的最大值所组成的补偿范围，实际补偿值是在自愿退出、公平退出的基础上政府和农户之间博弈所确定的价值。农户退出的最小阈值大于其退出总成本与损失的机会成本之和，否则农户不会退出；退出宅基地补偿的最大阈值应低于农户自身所损失的宅基地及其附属设施权利的价值与退出总成本之和，否则政府压力过大、不能承受相应补偿。.通过走访调查法、模型测算法以及实证研究的方法，结合各地区宅基地有偿使用情况，计算和分析出宅基地有偿使用的各项有效阈值。费用阈值部分，通过基准地价法、征地补偿法、宅基地价值法、农民收入法和经验法，得出宅基地有偿使用费的基准价格；分区位、情形等不同标准，确定了不同的收费方式。同时，将宅基地有偿使用的区域进行分等定级，因地制宜的使用调整系数进行收费。在面积阈值部分，根据历史上出台政策的时间以及人均、户均宅基地面积等因素，划分面积阈值，同时根据期限阈值分区段进行收费。费用由本集体经济组织收取、管理，建立专项基金委员会，统一用于本村村庄建设。.针对不同区域、不同类型的农户提出激励性、约束性、调控性与保障性政策建议，为党和政府优化宅基地管理策略提供翔实的依据。