土地整理中农户宅基地退出决策行为分析及管控措施研究

Land consolidation was initiated in China in the 1990s and developed rapidly since then. It helps to assure the food security and maintain dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land. Meanwhile, wherever the government at different levels monopolizes or interferes in the land consolidation, the achievement will not last long and cannot sustain their continuous, healthy and rapid development. It thus seems the households' response to policy implementation may produce important effects on the performance of land consolidation. In other words, it is essential to integrate the households' actual needs into the regional government's policy making and delivering process, for the peasant pursue is not only the object of increasing cultivated land, but also the subject of rural infrastructure changes..Household behavior response to government's policy of land consolidation has been a research hotspot in in-ternational rural studies.About the potential of land consolidation research at home and abroad, more scholar pay close attention to the land potential in the man-land relationship system, and has ignored the important influence of households' behavior on the land consolidation potential for a long time..This research takes village consolidation in rural-urban land use planning as the background, the withdrawal behavior decision of farmer's homestead use as the object,and constructs a theoretical withdrawal behavior decision model of farmers' homestead use combining with the Chinese farmer's practice, based on the relevant economics and social psychology theories, such as theory of Reasoned Action(TORA), Theory of Planning Behavior (TPB )and other farmer's behavior theories．With the support of structural equation and multivariate regression, various nonlinear Probit models are established, in order to vertify the influencing factors leading to farmers' withdrawal behavior of homestead use. And by calculation analysis, the influencing factors of the withdrawal behavior of houmestead use and their realtions are determined, which revealing the inherent mechanism of farmers' withdrawal behavior of homestead use, thus, evaluating the shortage of village management policies, putting forward the improving methods suitable with farmers' behavioral features, and realizing sustainable management of the villages.. The research results facilitate not only the exploration of land consolidation theories, but also the development of village consolidation in rural areas in practice.

探讨农户退出其闲置宅基地的行为规律是土地整理和谐开展亟待解决的问题。目前学界对此研究多聚焦于人地关系中"地"的方面，而忽视了"人"对土地整理的影响。本项目以城乡建设用地统筹中的村庄整理为背景，以农户退出宅基地的行为决策为研究对象，采用不同农户和不同地域纵横对比的思路，借鉴和扩展现有的农户计划行为理论，探求影响农户退出宅基地决策的可能因素，在结构方程和多元回归等计量分析支持下，建立多个非线形 Probit 模型，求证农户退出闲置宅基地的因子及其权重，并通过计量分析确定影响退出宅基地决策的影响因素权重及其相互关系，揭示农户退出宅基地的内在机理，在此基础上对比分析不同类型、不同地域农户退出闲置宅基地的行为差异，以评价当前农村居民点整治政策的不足，提出符合农户行为特征的村庄整理改进措施，以实现农村居民点的可持续整理。研究结果有助于土地整理理论的深化，在实践上推动农村宅基地整理的有序开展。

在我国城镇化和工业化加速发展的宏观背景下，农村宅基地管理制度的不完善和宅基地分配及利用的无偿性，为宅基地闲置、废弃面积与总体面积同向扩张、双向并存的悖论现象，提供了管理制度上的中观和农户利用上的微观背景。.本项目主要开展以下研究内容：1）不同类型农户宅基地退出决策的影响因素分析；2）不同区域农户宅基地退出的影响因素分析；3）不同农户宅基地功能的差异分析。研究得出以下几点结果：. 不同类型农户退出宅基地意愿和影响因素都存在较大差异。退出意愿比例大小依次为：表现型>社会型>现实型>内在本质型。影响因素差异表现在不同因素在不同类型农户退出意愿上权重大小不一。. 按照农户生计资产和发展能力来划分农户，则可划分出能力资产贫乏能力单一、资产富裕能力单一、资产贫乏能力多元、资产富裕能多元四种类型。在影响四种类型农户退出宅基地的因素中，退地补偿是否按时足额是共同因素，其他如就业难易、补偿形式的多样性、家庭收入水平、文化程度等都是显著影响因素。. 不同类型农户宅基地功能主观认同感存在明显差异。. 1）对低收入户而言，宅基地依次表现为社会保障功能、居住功能、伦理功能；. 2）对中等收入户而言，宅基地依次表现为伦理功能、社会保障功能、居住功能；. 3）对高收入户而言，宅基地依次表现为伦理功能、居住功能、社会保障功能。. 以上研究结果揭示了在农户日益分化的社会背景下，由于不同类型农户对宅基地所提供功能存在差异，从而导致农户在做出退出决策时所考虑的影响因素存在不同。这可为农村废弃的宅基地差别化的管理政策，提供理论上支撑。