高稳高效无位置传感器永磁同步电机控制方法研究

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) sensorless control technology which has the advantage of simple maintenance and environmental adaptability is developing rapidly has been wildly used. But it also have two key issues, first, the existing technology can only realize the 180% rated torque with load starting and anti-load disturbance, it doesn’t play the advantage of PMSM and have to amplify the motor power; second, at high speeds section above 10 Hz, the angle estimation error of existing method causes the greatly reduce of motor operation efficiency, the efficiency of energy saving is seriously affected. This project will carry out the following work in response to the above problems: In order to improve the starting torque and anti-disturbance ability, This project studies the failure mechanism of single high frequency signal injection method, proposes a new low speed control method for multi-high frequency signal injection based on fixed-frequency rotating coordinate system, and achieves 220% of the load start and anti-load disturbance. To enhance energy efficiency, this project studies the convergence rule and the error mechanism of the quasi-sliding mode observer in the high speed control scheme, proposes a new type of quasi-sliding mode observer based on special PI regulator, and increases the operation efficiency by more than 5%. The application of method mentioned above to sensorless control will achieve high stability and high efficiency in different speed range. It is of great academic significance and application value for the research of new PMSM sensorless control technology.

无位置传感器PMSM控制技术因维护简单，环境适用性强等优点被广泛应用，但仍存在两方面关键问题：现有技术仅能实现180%额定转矩的带载启动和抗负载扰动，无法有效发挥PMSM高启动转矩的优势，不得不放大电机功率；在10Hz以上的高转速段，现有方法角度估算误差造成电机运行效率大幅降低，节能效果受到严重影响。因此，本申请拟展开以下研究：为提升启动转矩和抗扰能力，研究单一高频信号注入方法重载启动的失败机理，提出基于定频旋转坐标系的新型复合高频信号注入低速控制方法，实现220%的带载启动和抗负载扰动；为提升节能效果，研究高转速控制方法中准滑模观测器的收敛规律和误差机制，提出基于特殊PI调节器的新型准滑模观测器，将运行效率提升5%以上。将上述方法用于无位置传感器PMSM调速控制，将在不同转速范围实现高稳定性和高效率，对于新型无位置传感器PMSM控制方法的研究具有重要学术意义和应用价值。

永磁同步电机具备高功率密度、高效率和良好的动态性能，它作为动力单元可广泛应用与民用、工业和军事领域。为了实现永磁同步电机控制可靠控制，转子角度不可或缺，电机通常会安装传感器来获取转子的位置和速度信息。然而，成本、结构、应用环境等因素制约来传感器的使用，同时传感器自身缺陷也会造成装备本身的可靠性能下降。因此，无位置传感器永磁同步电机控制技术的应用越来越广泛，突破了传感器带来的限制，扩展了同步电机的应用范围，掀起了电动汽车、水泵、空压机、直驱主轴等行业的技术革新和产品换代浪潮。. 目前，同步电机无位置传感器控制技术已基本实现并获得部分应用，但仍存在低速靠扰性能不足、高速效率有待提升等问题。本项目针对这些缺陷展开研究，采用复合频率注入信号替换传统的单一频率注入信号，彻底取消了存在稳定性缺陷的PLL环节，增强了低速控制方案的稳定性和抗扰性；提出基于PI调节器的Q-SMO高速控制方案，构建反馈回路和PI调节器，改善SMO观测器线性区的收敛特性，提升角度辨识精度和高速运行策略；提出具备创新性的基于双步预测控制的同步电机高速控制方案（Two-Step Continuous-Control Set Model Predictive Current Control TS-CCS-MPCC），利用k 和k-1拍电流电压信息补全预测模型，并利用补全模型预测k+1拍的输出电压，实现响应更快、效率更高的高速控制方案；最终形成了一套完整的永磁同步电机无位置传感器全速度控制方案。