大都市周边生态抑制型贫困区减贫机制研究- - 以环京津贫困带为例

Since the adoption of the Reform and Opening-up policy, China's poverty alleviation and reduction has made significant achievements, and make a positive contribution to world poverty reduction. But poverty is still a major historical problem restricting China's future development. In the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period, China's poverty reduction focus on "Contiguous Poor Areas with Special Difficulties", which are the key poverty reduction areas. In these Contiguous Poor Areas, a special type of them are worthy of study, which are located in the periphery of the metropolis (Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Wuhan, etc.), bear the special features of ecological conservation and ecological security, and we can call them "Eco-inhibition Poverty-stricken areas". This kind of poor areas also expected to take the lead in achieving poverty reduction, poverty alleviation. This project take the Poverty Belt around Beijing and Tianjin for example, to explore the mechanisms, models and policies of the Eco-inhibition Poverty Alleviation of the poor areas around metropolis : (1) Establish a Coupling model of "Poverty Levels - Ecological Vulnerability - Human Activity Intensity" , according to the degree of coupling of the three-dimensional component, the Eco-inhibition Poverty region is divided into a number of different types, paths and policy support mechanisms of the Eco-inhibition Poverty Alleviation is proposed respectively.(2)Build "A basic framework of sustainable development of Eco-inhibition Poverty region" with Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, create multiple objectives of poverty alleviation mechanism and Cross-regional cooperation mechanism, and multi-subject interaction mechanism in the Eco-inhibition Poverty region around Beijing and Tianjin.(3)Using "Event analysis" to evaluate the effects of the typical poverty alleviation modes, then propose some improved paths and explore new models. (4) How to use the special resources of the metropolis, to explore new models of Cross-regional cooperation in poverty reduction.

我国改革开放以来扶贫、减贫取得重大成就，为世界减贫做出积极贡献，但贫困问题依然是制约我国未来发展的重大历史性难题。"十二五"国家减贫聚焦"集中连片特殊困难地区"，这是我国打赢新一轮减贫攻坚战的关键。集中连片贫困区域情况差异较大，其中位于大都市（北京、天津、重庆、武汉等）周边、由于承担生态涵养和生态安全特殊功能而形成的"生态抑制型贫困区域"是特别值得研究的一类特殊贫困区域，也是有望率先实现减贫、脱贫的重要区域。本项目以环京津贫困带为例，探索我国大都市周边生态抑制型贫困区域减贫机制：（1）建立"贫困程度-生态脆弱程度-人类活动强度"耦合模型，划分不同类型贫困区域，分类提出其减贫路径；（2）构建生态抑制型贫困区域可持续发展基本框架，建立多重目标引导下的跨区域合作减贫机制；（3）运用"事件分析法"等评价现有典型减贫模式的实施效果，提出完善路径；（4）从大都市的特殊资源出发，探索跨区域合作减贫新模式

本课题以环京津贫困带为研究对象，围绕“大都市周边生态抑制型贫困区减贫机制”进行了资料搜集、数据整理、实地调研、数量分析等，研究工作进展较为顺利。在项目资助下，研究团队先后在《生态经济》、《北京社会科学》、《世界地理研究》等核心期刊发表论文4篇，在一般期刊发表论文3篇。主要研究成果总结如下：.（一）从“生计资本”角度揭示环京津贫困带的致贫原因。环京津贫困带是京津冀最贫困与生态最脆弱的区域，面临一个显著缩小的“生计五边形”——自然资本、人力资本、资金资本、物质资本和社会资本都匮乏，是该区域致贫且难以脱贫的重要原因。对这一区域25县的贫困程度、生态脆弱程度、人类活动程度进行评价发现，有隆化、张北、易县等9个县（占比36%）处于“深度贫困-重度生态脆弱”的境地，是最难啃的“骨头”。.（二）评价现有减贫措施效果评价及国外经验借鉴。对环京津贫困带的扶贫已持续数年，有12个县的全社会固定资产投资、产业活动、公路建设、农村发展等“人类活动强度”相对较大，但经济发展与农民增收并不显著。从“可持续生计”视角审视，既往扶贫方式更注重的是增加贫困县的资金资本、物质资本，对自然资本、人力资本、社会资本的改善并无多大助益，难以最终形成农户的“可持续”生计。分析美国阿巴拉契亚、日本北海道两个典型集中连片落后地区进行保护性开发的措施和成效，总结提出构建合作框架、提升基础设施、完善公共服务等可供借鉴的经验。.（三）建立扩展的“可持续生计框架”寻求脱贫路径。对可持续生计框架-DFID模型进行扩展，形成环京津贫困带减贫的路径框架——从打破“贫困-生态脆弱-更加贫困”的恶性循环出发，通过创新扶贫机制与政策、跨区域合作减贫、发展生态经济等，促进环京津贫困带“生计五边形”扩张，推动区域进入“收入增加-生态改善-生态涵养功能提升”的良性循环。.（四）跨区域减贫机制设计与脱贫对策研究。充分利用邻近大都市的优势，进行跨区域减贫机制设计：一是京津冀争取共建生态经济区，促进环京津贫困带转变发展方式；二是建立合理的、制度化的区域利益协调与分配机制；三是探索“共建园区”、“飞地经济”、“沟域经济”等多种形式，加强跨区域产业对接与合作。