基于人体行走运动的盘式磁电发电机及其能量管理技术研究

The mechanical energy produced during walking can provide enough electrical energy for the human carried electronic equipments. Based on the characteristics of human walking, this project presents a disc-type magnetoelectric generator using a double-loop Halbach permanent magnet array. The generator transforms human walking motions into the disc swing. The magnetic field variation on the magnetoelectric material is enhanced. After optimizing the structure and working mode of the magnetoelectric material, the output energy density of the generator is improved, which overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional magnetoelectric power generation devices scavenging mechanical energy from human motions. A theory model will be established through theoretical and experimental study on the disc swing rule and the electrical output characteristics of the magnetoelectric material. The miniaturization designs of the generator will be carried out based on the model. Meanwhile, the energy management techniques and strategies will be optimized, and an energy management circuit with the features of high efficiency, low power consumption, and small volume will be developed for the magnetoelectric generator. The research content of the project is of great significance to realize the popularization of the human carried electronic equipments and get rid of the dependence on the traditional power supply.

人在行走过程中产生的机械能量便于俘获，且可获得的电功率大，可为人体携带的电子设备提供足够的能量来源，本项目针对人体行走的特点，提出一种基于双环形Halbach永磁阵列的盘式磁电发电机结构，将人行走时的运动转化为圆盘的摆动，利用Halbach阵列产生的交替增强磁场提高作用于磁电材料上的磁场变化量，并优化磁电材料的结构及工作模式，提高发电机的能量输出密度，克服传统磁电发电装置对人体机械能量俘获效率不高的缺点。通过对人行走时发电机的圆盘摆动规律和磁电材料的电输出特性展开深入的理论和实验研究，建立满足精度要求的磁电发电理论模型，完成发电机的小型化及微型化设计。同时，优化能量管理技术和策略，设计适合于发电机输出特点的高效、低功耗、小体积能量管理电路，项目的研究内容对于人体携带式电子设备的推广应用及摆脱对传统电源的依赖具有重要意义。

俘获人体能量为人体携带的电子设备供电是解决此类电子设备电源问题的有效途径，本项目设计了一种可俘获人体机械能量的盘式磁电发电机结构，在外部激励下，该结构的摆动部分相对磁电换能器阵列运动，由于双环形Halbach阵列在气隙中可产生交替增强磁场，磁电换能器阵列感应到更大的磁场变化量，提高了发电机的输出电压和功率。建立了低频正弦激励下磁电发电机的理论模型，揭示了圆盘的摆动规律和影响发电机输出功率的因素，对理论模型进行了验证，并优化了发电机的参数。通过降低谐振频率、提高谐振输出、拓宽带宽的方式可有效提高发电机应用于人体行走运动时的输出功率，建立的理论模型可作为基于人体行走运动的磁电发电机的设计依据。将研制的MPM型和剪切型实验样机安装于人体不同部位，实现了人行走过程中机械能量的高效采集，且剪切型发电机具有更高的功率输出。采用封装后的剪切型发电机作为人体携带式无线传感器节点的能量源，对节点的能量管理电路进行了调试和优化，实现了数据长距离的可靠传输。