高强韧多功能生物炭基杂化气凝胶的构筑及同步去除水中多种有机污染物的研究

With the increasing of the types and quantity of organic wastewater in our living environment, the development of multifunctional, high-efficient, and long-life separating materials that can simultaneously remove a variety of organic pollutants from water is a promising topic in the field of wastewater treatment. In this project, according to the structure and composition of biochar aerogels, we regulate the three-dimensional network structure and skeleton composition of biochar hybrid aerogels in the microscopic level by the combination of poly(ionic liquid) carbonization and in situ doping technology. The mechanical strength and toughness of the aerogel are improved, and given its underwater superoleophobicity, high adsorption efficiency, and photocatalytic activity. As a result, we obtain biochar hybrid aerogels with high-strength-toughness and multifunction that can simultaneously and high-efficiently remove a variety of organic pollutants from water. Through the research of the design, preparation, performance, and mechanism of biochar hybrid aerogels, the preparation method and regulation technology of biochar hybrid aerogels with high-strength-toughness and multifunction are mastered; the relationship between the composition and performance is confirmed; the multifunction synergistic effect mechanism for the removal of a variety of organic pollutants is revealed. These results can provide the theoretical and technical support for the development and application of biochar materials in the field of wastewater treatment.

随着生活环境中有机废水种类和数量的日益增多，发展能够同步去除水中不同种类混合有机污染物的多功能、高效率、长寿命分离材料是当前废水处理领域的重要研究方向。本项目根据生物炭气凝胶结构组成的特点，结合聚离子液体碳化和原位掺杂技术，在微观层面上调控生物炭基杂化气凝胶的三维网络结构和骨架组成，提高气凝胶的机械强度和韧性，同时赋予其水下超疏油性、高吸附效率和光催化活性，获得可同步高效去除水中多种混合有机污染物的高强韧多功能生物炭基杂化气凝胶。通过对生物炭基杂化气凝胶的结构设计、合成制备以及去除有机污染物相关性能和机理等方面的研究，掌握高强韧多功能生物炭基杂化气凝胶的设计制备方法及性能调控技术，明确生物炭基杂化气凝胶结构组成与性能之间的关系规律，揭示其去除水中不同种类混合有机污染物的多功能协同作用机制，为生物炭材料在废水处理领域的发展和应用提供理论依据和技术保障。

本项目采用纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠等生物质为原料，掺杂三聚氰胺、尿素、氧化石墨烯、咪唑基聚离子液体、溴氧铋、溴化银以及生物质纤维，通过直接冷冻、单向冷冻和双向冷冻三种冰晶模板法成功制备了具有水下超疏油、吸附和光催化性能的纤维素基气凝胶、壳聚糖基气凝胶、海藻酸钠基气凝胶以及生物纤维基气凝胶。结合多种分析测试手段对气凝胶微观结构和化学成分进行分析，研究其力学、吸附、润湿和光催化性能与结构组成之间的关系。在此基础上，采用高温碳化获得了具有不同极端润湿性、高吸附效率和光催化活性的高强韧多功能生物炭基气凝胶，测试了杂化气凝胶在承受外加载荷时所表现出的力学特征，结合结构组成的分析表征结果，提出了生物炭基杂化气凝胶的强韧化机制，并且实现了对水中不同种类有机污染物的同步去除，揭示了生物炭基杂化气凝胶多功能协同作用机制。通过系统深入地开展本项目的研究工作，获得了一种新型高强韧生物质基杂化气凝胶，为多功能一体化的高性能生物炭材料的设计制备提供新途径，为生物炭材料在废水处理领域的发展和应用提供理论依据和技术保障。