冬小麦生长过程对干旱胁迫的响应机制与灌溉模式优化研究

Spring drought occurs frequently in northern coastal areas, having a significant impact on the growth process of winter wheat. However, the response mechanism of the growth process for winter wheat has not yet been identified when the drought occurred. The study on the response mechanism of the growth process for winter wheat can be helpful to the scientific formulation of winter wheat irrigation mode. In this study, relied on the Jiaozhou Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park Station, which is representative in the northern coastal area, the winter wheat will be used as the object crop. The response mechanism of the growth process to drought stress and the optimization of irrigation mode for winter wheat will be studied combined with field located experiments, crop growth model and field investigation. Based on the field experiment data, the relationship between crop yield and water consumption under water stress in different growth periods will also be revealed. And the crop growth model will be calibrated and subject to cross validation under the driving by the multi-source data. The response mechanism of growth process for winter wheat to drought stress will also be revealed through simulating the growth process of winter wheat under drought stress. To construct a simulation scheme for different irrigation scenarios of winter wheat, and with the help of empirical research results of crop model and irrigation patterns, a suitable irrigation mode of water-saving and high-yielding winter wheat will be proposed. Research findings will provide important scientific basis for the scientific development of highly efficient water-saving agriculture and drought-resistant policies in the northern coastal areas.

北方滨海地区春季干旱频繁发生，严重影响冬小麦的生长过程。目前冬小麦生长过程对干旱胁迫的动态响应机制尚不明确，制约着该地区冬小麦灌溉模式的科学制定。本项目拟依托北方滨海地区具有代表性的胶州现代农业科技示范园试验站，以冬小麦为研究对象，将田间定位试验、作物生长模型和实证调研相结合，开展冬小麦生长过程对干旱胁迫的响应机制与灌溉模式优化研究。通过田间定位试验观测，阐明不同生育期干旱胁迫下作物产量和耗水量的关系；基于多源数据驱动开展作物生长模型的校准和交叉验证，模拟旬尺度干旱胁迫下冬小麦的生长过程和产量，揭示冬小麦生长过程对干旱胁迫的响应机制；构建冬小麦不同灌溉情景模拟方案，借助作物模型和灌溉模式实证调研结果，提出冬小麦节水高产的适宜灌溉模式。本研究成果将为北方滨海地区发展高效节水农业和防旱抗旱政策的科学制定提供重要的理论和技术支撑。

北方滨海地区春季干旱频繁发生，严重影响冬小麦的生长过程。目前冬小麦生长过程对干旱胁迫的动态响应机制尚不明确，制约着该地区冬小麦灌溉模式的科学制定。本项目在青岛农业大学现代农业示范园开展了为期3年的冬小麦干旱胁迫试验，收集了研究所需的数据，揭示了冬小麦生长过程对干旱胁迫的响应机制。利用多源遥感数据，提取了冬小麦种植面积，构建了冬小麦产量预测模型，研究了气候变化对冬小麦产量的影响；基于机器学习方法，建立了土壤水分快速反演模型；分析了冬小麦水足迹时空变化特征，阐明了不同生育期干旱胁迫下作物产量和耗水量的关系；借助灌溉模式实证调研资料，研发了大田节水灌溉装置及其灌溉方法。本研究成果为北方滨海地区发展高效节水农业和防旱抗旱政策的科学制定提供了重要的理论和技术支撑。