服务性消费场域的空间实践与主体身份建构

Culture construction and criticism of consumption space is attracting more and more concern from the researchers in the field of cultural geography. The domestic research mainly focuses on material consumption space and some studies about the service consumption space are relatively insufficient. Actually, as the complex of economic, political and culture under the globalization background, brand hotels are the micro vehicle to Explore social transition service consumption space and to rich the social implication.In the view of structuralism, the properties, status and identity of any social subject is not priori. But the dynamic performance and construction process through the spatial practice, which is in a social interaction of field. The Field-habitus theory created by Pierre Bourdieu have the views that field revolve the objective relationship of a network, or an architecture, exists the various location. Habit is the social structure of individual subjectivity. As the constructive structure, it endows the individual a form and continuity when their activities around the world, so to make the subject get the meaning of action and the reason. Based on this, this study cites Bourdieu's theory of field-hibitus to research the identity construction and space practice for the main body of service consumption space. Firstly, in theory study, based on the researches of western and domestic humanistic geography, sociology, anthropology and environmental psychology, this research further clarify three core concepts of the field-habitus, spatial practice, identity construction , hope to relation the basic logical structure links between the three. What’s more,I will form a concept and a theoretical framework of the identity construction and space practice under the transition service consumption space. Furthermore, in the empirical study, with the description of the field and the habitus of the subject in this field, space practice can deconstruct, construct and reconstruct different subject’s identity. Finally, with the analysis of the relationship between identity performance and construction, the theoretical model between the field, performance and rituals is constructed. This research will complement the existing theory of consumption space from the perspective of practice and construction and make a contribution to understand the micro response of social transformation.

消费空间的文化建构与批判正成为当前文化地理学关注的热点话题，但已有研究多关注物质性消费空间，对服务性消费空间的关注相对缺乏。品牌酒店作为全球化和现代化的隐喻场所，是转型期中国社会经济及政治文化的微观载体和具有丰富社会文化意涵的服务性消费场域。课题拟援引布迪厄的场域-惯习理论，选取广州、东莞、香港和澳门品牌酒店作为案例地，采用跨时段田野调查、体验式观察和深度访谈法获取资料，运用内容分析法、话语分析法、ArcGIS软件等进行数据处理，通过对场域和惯习的解析来阐释服务性消费场域中的空间实践及其主体身份建构，从人与空间互动的视角理解服务性消费场域的内涵，建构场域、展演与惯习之间的理论模型，并解读社会主体在服务性消费场域进行身份建构的机制。课题旨在从实践和建构的视角完善现有消费空间生产的理论，并对服务性消费场域进行微观响应。同时，也通过应用“场域-惯习”理论为社会空间的再认识提供一个新的视角。

服务性消费场域中存在各种不同的主体，以员工和顾客为核心的主体在这一场域中通过各种空间实践，建构其主体性，重塑自身的身份认同，影响组织运作。. 基于此，该研究主要从顾客、员工、组织三个层面展开：首先，从顾客层面，关注博客情绪对顾客旅游意向的影响、顾客对酒店声音景观的感知、顾客在酒店的睡眠状况对其消费体验的影响；其次，从员工层面，研究员工睡眠和感知家庭支持对其工作绩效的影响、员工的积极心理品质对其职业身份认同的影响；再次，从组织层面，研究智慧化对酒店业绩的影响、东莞豪华酒店与社区的互动关系以及高星级酒店“商业性家”的营造。. 主要研究发现和关键数据如下：第一，顾客层面的研究发现：一方面，情绪、睡眠等心理因素对顾客的消费意向和消费体验影响明显，如：旅游博客情绪展示对顾客的旅游意向有显著影响；顾客的主观情绪直接影响其睡眠质量，进而影响旅行体验；在酒店中，清晨型的人群更有可能诱发失眠，而夜晚型的人群更有可能从日常失眠中恢复过来。另一方面，酒店的声音元素构成一种消费景观，影响顾客体验，顾客普遍更加青睐个性化的音乐要素以及各种自然音。第二，员工层面的研究发现：酒店员工倒班睡眠对工作绩效和工作满意度具有显著的正向预测作用；积极心理资本对酒店员工的身份认同构成正向影响，员工感知家庭支持对其工作绩效有显著的正向影响；其中，工作满意度在其中起到中介作用，性别起到调节作用。第三，组织层面的研究发现：首先，智慧化的技术背景对酒店业绩有显著的积极作用；其次，权力与资本逻辑推动着“酒店—社区”景观的建构，豪华酒店成为社区居民的一种日常生活方式。再次，被商业化的高星级酒店试图通过主客互动关系以及社区文化的嵌入为消费者营造具有安全感、舒适感、个性化和当地社区文化的“家”氛围。. 研究丰富了服务性消费场域空间实践的内涵与外延，为其主体性建构提供了新的理论与实证研究视野；在实践方面，为服务行业的经营与管理提供决策参考。