新疆北部地区金小蜂亚科分类及寄生生物学研究（膜翅目：金小蜂科）

Pteromalinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is an important parasitic wasps, which can parasite the great diversity of pest insects, including coleopterans, dipterans, hymenopterans and lepidopterans. As important enemies of many pest insects and undoubtedly exert control of some non-pest sufficient to prevent them becoming pests, they play an enormous role in maintaining ecological balance and in utilization in biological control programs. However, the greatest obstacle has been the generally poor taxonomic knowledge of the group. Identification of the Pteromalinae species and its parasitological study are the key premise for its successful application use into the pest bio-control. As an important crop planting district, Northern Xinjiang with the diversified ecological environment has bred the insect diversity. However, only 23 genera and 48 species of Pteromalinae were recorded from Xinjiang prior to this study, and many Pteromalinae species have not been found and recorded yet, so a comprehensive investigation of taxonomy and parasitology of Pteromalinae there has been long overdue and need further research urgently. Based on the specimens deposited in the Insect Collection of College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, which collected from Xinjiang, much more Pteromalinae specimens also need to be collected from Northern Xinjiang. In this study, we aim to investigate the taxonomy of all Pteromalinae by using the method of traditional morphological taxonomy and DNA barcoding for the new species and cryptic species, and the parasitology of some important Pteromalinae species through rearing from the pest hosts. The results will provide the important basic data for study of the phylogenetics of Pteromalidae, and also will provide scientific theoretical basis as well as practical guidance for the further use of Pteromalinae to control the local pests in agriculture and forestry in Xinjiang.

金小蜂亚科Pteromalinae隶属膜翅目Hymenoptera，小蜂总科Chalcidoidea，金小蜂科Pteromalidae，是一类重要的农林害虫寄生性天敌，在自然控制害虫的种群数量、维持生态平衡及害虫生防实践中发挥了巨大作用。查明新疆北部地区金小蜂亚科的资源和重要金小蜂的寄生生物学特性将极大地推动金小蜂的应用实践。然而，对北疆金小蜂科资源及其寄生生物学知之甚少，亟待深入研究。本研究旨在全面系统地调查新疆北部地区金小蜂亚科物种资源，利用传统分类学，结合DNA条形码对物种进行准确鉴定，摸清其家底资源；并通过寄主饲养，摸索最佳室内饲养条件，查明2-3种金小蜂的寄生行为、发育历期、寄生率等寄生生物学特性。研究结果将会丰富我国乃至世界小蜂数据库，为研究金小蜂科系统发育提供基础数据，同时也为后期利用金小蜂防治当地农林牧害虫、服务生产实践、保护北疆地区生物多样性提供科学理论依据和实践指导。

金小蜂亚科Pteromalinae隶属膜翅目Hymenoptera，小蜂总科Chalcidoidea，金小蜂科Pteromalidae，是一类重要的农林害虫寄生性天敌，在自然控制害虫的种群数量、维持生态平衡及害虫生防实践中发挥了巨大作用。查明新疆北部地区金小蜂亚科的资源和重要金小蜂的寄生物学特性将极大地推动金小蜂的应用实践。目前，尚缺乏北疆金小蜂亚科资源的系统研究，亟待开展深入调查。本研究使用网扫采集获取金小蜂亚科标本，采集地覆盖新疆北部阿勒泰地区、塔城地区昌吉州、博州和伊犁州的37个县市及团场的沙漠、荒漠、农田、山地草原和山地森林5种生境的218个采集点，共获取金小蜂亚科标本5490头；使用传统分类结合DNA条形码鉴定并描述新疆北部金小蜂亚科种类25属75种，其中包括7个新种，7个中国新纪录属，3个新疆新纪录属，20个中国新纪录种和13个新疆新纪录种，提供了金小蜂属Pteromalus、迈金小蜂Mesopolobus等大属内新种、新纪录种、疑难种及近似种的28s和ITS2序列。本研究摸清了新疆北部金小蜂亚科的本底资源，发现了新的分类单元，丰富了我国及世界金小蜂亚科数据库资源，同时也为利用金小蜂种类防治新疆本地农林牧害虫的生防实践奠定了前期理论基础，具有实践指导价值。