中国金小蜂亚科属级分子系统发育研究（膜翅目：小蜂总科）

Pteromalinae is the largest subfamily of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), and it includes 318 genera in the World. In China, about 60 genera were reported till now. Wasps in the subfamily develop as parasites of various stages of other pest insects. Therefore, these parasites are potentially important enemies of many pest insects and undoubtedly exert control of some non-pest species sufficient to prevent those becoming pests. However, Pteromalinae show less positive characters, for which reason there is not a formal definition of the group and it is difficult to divide all genera of Pteromalinae into tribes. Although two tribes were suggested by Bou?ek in 1988, most genera are still not classified in any tribes. Until recently there had been no vigorous phylogenetic work on the subfamily. In this project, we will reconstruct a phylogeny of the subfamily basing on examining all specimens of Pteromalinae and using DNA sequence data. Our objective includes exploring the possibility of dividing Pteromalinae into tribes, exploring the phylogenetic relationship of the genera and recognizing new records, newly species and cryptic species. The research is the firstly phylogenetic study on Pteromalinae. It will perfect the classification system of Pteromalinae, to promote the study on Pteromalidae and Chalcidoidea in China and in the World.

金小蜂亚科Pteromalinae隶属膜翅目，小蜂总科，金小蜂科，目前世界记录318属2035种，中国记录约60属150余种；是金小蜂科中最大的亚科，种类繁多，形态多样，分布广泛；很多种类是农林牧业害虫的重要天敌，对控制害虫种群数量，维持生态平衡具有重要作用，许多国家已利用某些金小蜂开展生物防治。但该亚科是金小蜂科中未安置类群的"垃圾堆"，缺乏系统的分族研究，亚科下仅划分两个族，大部分属的分类地位有待确定，严重影响了这类寄生蜂的分类、鉴定和应用。本研究拟在中国金小蜂亚科形态分类研究基础上，充分利用分子数据，开展金小蜂亚科属级分子系统发育研究。摸清该类群在中国的属、种丰富性，鉴别隐存种，探讨属间系统发育关系，构建接近自然的分类系统，确定可靠、易用的分族分类系统。该研究在理论上将更加完善金小蜂亚科分类系统，推动中国及世界金小蜂科、小蜂总科的系统学研究；对发现可利用的寄生蜂资源具重要意义。

金小蜂亚科Pteromalinae隶属膜翅目，小蜂总科，金小蜂科，目前世界记录318属2,035种，中国记录约60属150余种；是金小蜂科中最大的亚科，种类繁多，形态多样，分布广泛；很多种类是农林牧业害虫的重要天敌，对控制害虫种群数量，维持生态平衡具有重要作用。本研究执行期间，整理动物研究所昆虫标本馆金小蜂亚科标本18,000号，野外采集小蜂标本17,000号，通过外部形态分类鉴定出中国金小蜂科79属100余种，其中中国新纪录属10属，初步摸清了金小蜂亚科在中国的属级多样性。同时，获得的金小蜂科8亚科60属1,800条分子序列，对中国金小蜂亚科属级进行了分子系统发育研究。确定金小蜂亚科不是一个单系，认为金小蜂亚科下分族目前还不可行，可参照Bouček（1988）的二亚科系统；认为Pteromalus、Mesopolobus、Dibrachys和Trichmalopsis不是单系群，Mesopolobus和Pteromalus的关系交近；Trichomalopsis和部分Pteromalus关系较近；经过试验认为选用COI和ITS2作为金小蜂科的分子标记，可以更好的发现隐存种，解决种内遗传距离界定而导致分种不清的情况。