A large number of species of Encyrtidae, Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) use the scale insects as host. Among them, many species have been used successfully in biological control of scale insects throughout the world. However, species identification of these parasitoid groups is difficult due to their small size and limited characters used for species diagnosis. Moreover, they are suspected to contain many cryptic species. Corrected identification of these parasitoids is a prerequisite for studies of host specificity, parasitoid-host relationships and food webs. Here, we aimed to give an intensive investigation of species of Encyrtidae, Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae that attaching common scale insects in China. Using parasitoid samples reared from scale insects, we will evaluated the performances of COI barcode to check if it could identify and delimitate these parasitoid species by comparing with the results of morphological identification. The other frequently used markers for species identification, such as COII, 28S and ITS2, will be also evaluated. On basis of the taxonomic results of these parasitoids and their host information, we will also study on host specificity of these parasitoids. We try to provide a data base of parasitoid species of Encyrtidae, Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae that attaching common scale insects in China, to facilitate species identification of these parasitoids. This study will also help us on study of parasitoid-host coevolution, as well as the use of parasitoids in biocontrol programmes.
跳小蜂科、蚜小蜂科和金小蜂科(膜翅目:小蜂总科)的许多种类寄生蚧壳虫(农林业一类重要害虫),并且在蚧壳虫的生物防治中取得过显著效益。但这些寄生蜂的体型微小,用于形态分类的特征较少;并且许多种类还发现了隐存种,这些因素给他们的分类研究造成了诸多困难。这也阻碍了基于分类的其他科学问题的开展,如寄生蜂对寄主蚧壳虫的专化程度,寄生蜂与寄主蚧壳虫的食物网构造等等。项目计划通过野外采集适龄的蚧壳虫,饲养获取寄生不同蚧虫种类的跳小蜂科、金小蜂科和蚜小蜂科的材料,在形态研究基础上开展其DNA条形码研究,对其进行准确的物种鉴定。在此基础上探讨中国寄生蚧虫的跳小蜂、蚜小蜂、金小蜂对其蚧虫寄主的专化性。该研究不仅为我国蚧虫的寄生蜂天敌分类提供分子依据,也为将来更深入地研究寄生蜂与其寄主的协同进化关系打下基础;同时该研究也为将来利用这些寄生蜂开展蚧虫的生物防治提供有价值的参考。
跳小蜂科、蚜小蜂科和金小蜂科(膜翅目:小蜂总科)的许多种类寄生蚧壳虫(农林业一类重要害虫),并且在蚧壳虫的生物防治中取得过显著效益。但这些寄生蜂的体型微小,用于形态分类的特征较少;并且许多种类还发现了隐存种,这些因素给他们的分类研究造成了诸多困难。这也阻碍了基于分类的其他科学问题的开展,如寄生蜂对寄主蚧壳虫的专化程度,寄生蜂与寄主蚧壳虫的食物网构造等等。项目计划通过野外采集适龄的蚧壳虫,饲养获取寄生不同蚧虫种类的跳小蜂科、金小蜂科和蚜小蜂科的材料,在形态研究基础上开展其DNA条形码研究,对其进行准确的物种鉴定。在此基础上探讨中国寄生蚧虫的跳小蜂、蚜小蜂、金小蜂对其蚧虫寄主的专化性。.通过采集中国不同地理区域的蚧虫寄主,饲养获取96种跳小蜂、21种蚜小蜂、6种金小蜂、1种姬小蜂、1种平腹小蜂(形态物种)的寄生蜂材料;基于解剖镜、显微镜对获取的小蜂样本进行了较为全面的比较形态学研究。同时对这些寄生蜂形态物种进行了分子分类研究。分子研究揭示了在跳小蜂科96种形态物种中存在123种分子物种,21种蚜小蜂科形态物种和分子物种相同,在金小蜂科6种形态物种中存在12种分子物种,在姬小蜂科1种形态物种中存在3种分子物种,1种平腹小蜂科形态物种和分子研究相同,该研究显示出在跳小蜂、金小蜂、姬小蜂形态物种中普遍存在隐存中的现象。在整合形态和分子分类研究结果的基础上,利用调查寄主数据对160种寄生中国蚧虫的寄生蜂的寄主专化性进行了分析,结果显示跳小蜂具有高度的寄主专化性,只利用一种蚧虫寄主或者一个属下面的几个近缘种作为寄主,但少数跳小蜂也能利用蚧虫一个科、甚至不同科下面的寄主;金小蜂、姬小蜂具有一定程度的寄主专化性,蚜小蜂和平腹小蜂通常具有多个寄主。上述研究为进一步系统地开展寄生中国蚧虫的跳小蜂、蚜小蜂、金小蜂科外部形态比较研究,也为利用条形码COI等线粒体基因序列进行分子分类研究奠定了基础;同时也为研究寄生蜂的分布格局以及寄生蜂与其寄主的协同进化研究积累了原始数据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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