战略过程中的时间安排对决策的绩效影响：基于即兴能力观的理论和实证研究

With the rapid and complex changes in the environment, time is becoming an important source of competitive advantage，which has been increasingly treated as an independent phenomenon focused by the researchers not just as an assumption. In this context, it becomes a heated issue that how to understand timing on strategy process.Time, however,is not equivalent to speed at all. How to comprehend the complexity of time？How does time affect strategy process? How to construct a theoretical model of timing, strategic process and performance? The above-mentioned issues are still lack of systematic research framework and empirical analysis...Facing these challenges, this research intends to have a synthesis application of a variety of methods including case study, grounded theory and survey. In this research, we firstly use timing instead of static time, deconstruct timing by two dimensions of "time characteristics -time orientation" and attempt to develop a measuring scale of timing. Secondly, we introduce the construct of improvisational capability from the micro-level perspective of cognition, learning and capability, so as to systematically explore the mechanism of timing on the strategic process on decision-making and organizational performance by improvisational capability. Finally we construct a theoretical model for empirical research. ..The expected contributions of this research are as follows: (1) to make clear the construct of timing and improve its measurement; (2) to explore the complexity of the "black box" mechanism between timing and strategic process through introducing improvisational capability to make up for analysis path of timing in strategic process and to explicate the complex process between timing and strategic decision; (3) to solve problems and difficulties in stratigic practice by connecting timing in the strategic process, improvisation capability and decision-making performance.

随着环境快速复杂变化，时间战略或竞争作为独立现象日益受到关注。在此背景下，如何理解战略过程中的时间问题就成为学术热点。但时间并不等同于速度，如何理解时间复杂性？时间对战略过程的影响机制是什么？怎样构建战略过程中的时间及其绩效影响的关系模型？对这些问题仍缺乏系统研究框架和实证分析。基于此，本课题拟综合运用案例研究、扎根理论和大样本调查等方法，用时间安排（timing）替代静态时间概念切入，从"特征-导向"来解构时间安排，并通过认知、学习、能力等微观过程角度，引入即兴能力观点，系统探讨战略过程中时间安排通过即兴能力影响决策和绩效的机制，最终构建模型并进行实证分析。本课题预期贡献在于（1）清晰化时间安排的构念内涵和测量问题；（2）实现时间安排与战略过程研究的有效联结，通过即兴观点剖析了时间安排和战略决策间的复杂过程；（3）将战略过程中的时间安排、即兴能力与决策及绩效联系，有助于厘清战略实践难题。

本项目的基本主题是从复杂快变环境下组织即兴的驱动因素出发，分别从“组织时间的结构化特征”（时基特征）、“组织时间的重视和认知程度”（时基导向）两方面来剖析即兴能力与战略变革间的复杂关系。围绕这一主题，我们拓展为四部分进行研究：1）从“特征—导向”来理解和剖析时间安排构念，发展基本量表；2）对时基特征、时基导向与战略决策的一致性复杂关系进行考察；3）时基特征、时基导向及组织即兴对战略决策过程的影响机制研究。4）构建时间安排、即兴能力与战略决策的总体绩效影响模型。.经过项目组成员的共同努力，通过对中国企业实地调研和问卷访谈，发放千余份问卷，形成了高质量的研究报告和多篇学术论文。一方面对战略过程中的时间安排进行了构念剖析，清晰化时间安排的内涵和测量，明确了具体的操作性定义，并且检验与修正了多个测量量表；另一方面重新认识了时间安排与战略决策的关系，通过创造性引入组织即兴，有效联结了二者复杂关系背后的影响变量；最后，项目组初步构建了时间安排、即兴能力与战略决策的总体绩效影响模型，丰富和拓展了战略决策等理论。.这些成果在《管理世界》、《南开管理评论》、《经济管理》等国家级重要期刊发表论文10篇以上，多篇并被《人大复印资料》等全文转载，获得奖励六项，多数成果获得了学界的好评，超过原预期成果。本项目成果有助于拓展组织中时间安排与战略过程的研究范围，同时有利于厘清企业在战略过程中的实践难题，对改善企业战略决策实践，特别是中国当前产业升级经济转型背景下的实践，有着较高的借鉴价值。项目组在“战略过程与微观机制”研究方向上初步形成了一支特色化的创新团队，成立了东北财经大学“企业战略与社会创新研究中心”（CCSSI），举办了“企业战略与社会创新研究中心成立暨‘中国企业战略创新’高端论坛”，扩大了项目影响力，初步实现了预期研究效果。