性能导向的既有多层住宅分户微改造技术策略与构造节点研究

The multi-storey apartment buildings developed by non-profit governmental units in 1970s-1990s has been never suitable for lifestyle nowadays as well as partly deteriorated with building components, facing the problems of building performance, interior space and indoor quality. Since the internal decoration operated by social company has no benefit to the systematic update for the whole building, neither has the wholly energy-saving retrofitting been afforded by the public resource operation, as there were too much cost for the social management in such projects, it needs new design strategy for the existing apartment building retrofitting. This research aims to find several common defects on the building performance and detail joints in the research object - multi-storey brick-concrete structure apartment buildings in a university, by the method of the data collecting of the typical room units, site investigation of standard detail joints, site test and simulation of the building envelope performance. For consideration of high cost of social management, complex household and neighborhood disturbance in the wholly retrofitting process, this research is focus on the design strategy of individual accurate retrofitting indoors, precisely corresponded to the defects of the existing detail joints, tested by the simulation analysis and joint modeling, and practicing for retrofitting on several typical units on site. For a considerable amount of stock building and similar detail joints in these typical styles, the strategy of defect-corresponded individual accurate retrofitting has a perspective of spreading towards larger parts of typical apartment building, and promotes as a series of technical standards after practicing verification.

二十世纪七十至九十年代国内非商品开发的多层集合住宅，由于承载生活方式变化，建筑部品年久劣化，面临建筑性能、室内功能、环境品质等诸多问题。社会企业装修服务并未根本解决住宅系统性问题；而整体改造尽管已有试点，但其社会成本巨大且存在安全隐患，已非公共事业资源可以承担；既有住宅系统性升级需要新的设计策略。本研究选取北京某高校多层砖混结构住宅为研究对象，通过住宅典型户型信息收集、标准构造节点调研、围护结构性能实测与模拟等方式，挖掘住宅原有标准构造节点问题。出于整体改造社会成本高、权属不明确、生活干扰大的考虑，本研究提出针对该类研究对象的分户微改造设计策略，对原标准设计缺陷进行应对式改造，借助软件模拟分析与材料构造节点实验等手段验证，并选取典型户型进行改造实践。由于典型户型存量集中，原有标准构造大同小异，分户应对式微改造设计策略及构造节点可为同类住宅改造提供技术参考，并在实践验证后凝练为技术标准。

二十世纪七十至九十年代国内非商品开发的多层集合住宅，由于承载生活方式变化，建筑部品年久劣化，面临建筑性能、室内功能、环境品质等诸多问题。本研究选取北京清华大学教师公寓多层砖混结构住宅为研究对象，通过住宅典型户型信息收集、标准构造节点调研、围护结构性能实测与模拟等方式，挖掘住宅原有标准构造节点问题。出于整体改造社会成本高、权属不明确、生活干扰大的考虑，本研究提出一种针对这个时期既有居住建筑围护结构特点的分户标准化改造方案，并根据重点改造部位做了实地测试分析，有针对性的进行方案设计，再通过样板间试点实施验证技术体系可行性，最终通过批量中试尝试进行技术推广应用。由于典型户型存量集中，原有标准构造大同小异，分户应对式微改造设计策略及构造节点可为同类住宅改造提供技术参考，并在实践验证后凝练为技术标准。