面向停车资源利用效率提升的组合公共建筑物配建停车泊位共享机理及配置优化方法

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of multiple types accessory parking facilities of public building's parking facilities, this project use the way of shared parking, carry out research works as followed intensively. The first, find out the interaction of 'different group of people-parking facilities selection-shared parking pattern' through surveys and analysis of feature selection of parking, and analyze the feature selection theory between the individual and group. The second, setup time varying analysis models between fixed (basic) and flexible (random) parking demand of typical building, and forecast the best time-space resources windows of available parking spaces of multiple types accessory facilities. The third, research and establish the models of matching relationship between occupancy of time and space resources by actual parking demand of multiple land use types and available time and space resources windows to balance the saturation of parking facilities' demand and supply, and reveal the sharing utility among parking facilities. The forth, establish dynamic distribution method of shared parking spaces of combined accessory parking facilitiesto decrease the problem of supply and demand exceeding saturation that generated in certain time frame of partial parking facilities in the zone, and take consideration of both satisfying the own parking demand of public buildings and improving parking spaces' utilization efficiency. Finally, aiming at the condition that parking demand exceeds parking spaces' supply, from angles of selection and layout of accessory parking spaces and social public parking facilities, put forward a minimized method to increase the number of parking spaces, which is to alleviate the disparity of parking supply and demand.

公共建筑物配建停车场是城市停车泊位供应的主体。本研究以提升片区组合配建停车设施的泊位时空资源利用效率为目标，以停车泊位共享为手段，一是通过车辆停放者行为选平择调查与分析，研究"不同停放群体-设施选择-共享模式"之间的相互作用关系，解析停车者个体和群体行为选择机理；二是建立典型建筑物固定停车需求与弹性停车需求时变状态分析模型，预测各种类型设施可利用停车泊位的最佳时空资源窗口；三是以均衡片区停车设施供需饱和度为目标，建立组合用地类型实际停车需求时空资源占用-可利用时空资源容量匹配关系模型，揭示停车设施间的共享效用；四是以降低片区局部停车设施特定时段供需过饱和为目标，建立组合配建停车设施共享泊位的动态分配方法，兼顾公建停车需求主体满足和泊位利用效率提升；五是针对片区停车需求总量超过泊位供给条件下，从配建泊位和社会公共停车设施布局2个角度提出最小化泊位增容方法，缓解停车供需矛盾。

“停车难”是国内大部分城市交通面临的突出问题，不仅在于新增泊位数量低于机动车保有量的增长，更表现为既有停车泊位缺乏高效的利用，其主要问题在于对停车需求和供给的时空资源特性缺乏深刻认识。.本研究以提升城市典型用地配建停车资源利用效率为目标，以停车共享为切入点，针对现有研究和应用的不足，聚焦城市居住、医院、办公等典型用地类型的建筑物配建停车设施，重点形成以下成果：.（1）基于海量车辆停放驶入、驶离数据，解析了各种典型用地类型的停车需求时变特性，进而运用时间序列法、小波变换+BP神经网络等理论构建了适用于平稳状态和非平稳状态的停车设施需求时变状态分析模型。为精确预测各种类型停车场的停车泊位占用时变规律提供了理论方法。.（2）面向单体和组合用地类型停车设施的停车者，建立了可用于定量化描述不同共享停车情景下（白天、夜间，短时、长时等）不同停车群体的泊车行为选择模型，为共享停车策略的制定及共享效果的评价提供了理论基础。.（3）建立了典型用地类型配建停车设施的共享泊位时空窗口确定方法，以及基于停车者行为选择特性的共享泊位时空窗口调节方法。能够根据停车需求时变规律，在保障建筑物自身需求的同时，确定停车泊位对外开放服务的时段及数量，为最大化提高停车设施的泊位利用效率提供了决策支持。.（4）建立了片区组合用地类型多个停车设施协同进行泊位共享的时空资源分配方法，结合停车设施的需求时变特性、行为选择特性、共享时空窗口的关联特性，进行共享泊位时空资源的最佳分配。进一步提出了共享停放许可及浮动收费调节的方法流程。成果为城市片区范围内多个停车设施协同开展共享方案的实施及总体泊位利用效率的提升提供了方法支撑。.结合项目的开展，出版学术专著《城市典型用地配建停车需求特性及泊位共享优化方法》，发表和录用学术论文20篇，公开国家发明专利5项，相关成果已通过软件开发在南京市进行实际应用。