基于多模式组合出行的新型停车换乘网络设计与优化方法

As one of important traffic demand management tool, although traditional Park and Ride (PNR) is able to reduce private traffic in city center and already show positive effects in western developed countries, in China, traffic volume and land value are extremely high around railway transport junctions. If simply follow the practices of western countries, traffic congestion would not be mitigated and lots of funds would be wasted. Thus, this project focuses on a multimodal PNR strategy which establishes PNR parking sites in a reasonable place between residential zone and railway transport junctions. Travelers drive their cars to a PNR parking site, park there and use dedicated shuttle bus to a railway transportation junction, and take rail to city center. Currently, researches for this multi-modal PNR cannot clearly depict the role of this on urban transport network, and cannot clearly depict the interaction between this and other traffic demand management tools. Thus, this project aims to develop models to analysis the travelers’ mode choice and route choice when considering multi-modal PNR, and develop models to optimize the designing schemes and coordinating with other traffic demand management tools. This project is able to improving the theoretical system of parking planning and travelling behavior, and promote the practice of PNR in China as well.

停车换乘策略可以减少私家车在市区的使用，并已在西方国家取得了良好应用效果。然而我国城市轨道交通枢纽附近交通压力大、土地价值高，修建停车换乘设施不仅经济投入大，而且将加剧交通拥堵。因此，本项目聚焦一种新型多模式停车换乘策略，即将停车场建在居民区与轨道枢纽之间的合适区域，出行者驾驶私家车到达停车场，然后换乘专用公交至轨道枢纽站，再换乘轨道交通进入市区。目前尚未有学者对这种多模式出行方式链下的交通需求预测模型进行研究，同时缺少与其他交通管理策略的耦合机理分析。本项目通过分析多模式停车换乘对网络出行需求以及路径选择的影响，分别建立交通需求预测模型、路径选择模型；提出网络换乘系统优化目标，建立最佳停车换乘方案优化模型与求解方法；探索典型交通需求管理策略（如市区停车收费、牌照限行、拥挤收费）与多模式停车换乘之间的耦合机理，建立使系统运行指标最优的协同优化方案，以提高公共交通出行比例、缓解市区交通拥堵。

停车换乘策略可以减少私家车在市区的使用，并已在西方国家取得了良好应用效果。然而我国城市轨道交通枢纽附近交通压力大、土地价值高，修建停车换乘设施不仅经济投入大，而且将加剧交通拥堵。因此，本项目聚焦一种新型多模式停车换乘策略，即将停车场建在居民区与轨道枢纽之间的合适区域，出行者驾驶私家车到达停车场，然后换乘专用公交至轨道枢纽站，再换乘轨道交通进入市区。目前尚未有学者对这种多模式出行方式链下的交通需求预测模型进行研究，同时缺少与其他交通管理策略的耦合机理分析。本项目通过分析多模式停车换乘对网络出行需求以及路径选择的影响，分别建立交通需求预测模型、路径选择模型；提出网络换乘系统优化目标，建立最佳停车换乘方案优化模型与求解方法；探索典型交通需求管理策略（如市区停车收费、牌照限行、拥挤收费）与多模式停车换乘之间的耦合机理，建立使系统运行指标最优的协同优化方案，以提高公共交通出行比例、缓解市区交通拥堵。