基于单砂体构型与动态先期响应的三角洲储层流动单元表征方法研究

The flow unit characterization is one of the hot and difficult problems of reservoir geology. The project is mainly about deltaic reservoir's flow unit characterization and there are three focuses which are single sand body architecture, thin intercalation prediction and dynamic date feedback to reservoir characterization in advance. Four important reservoir description technologies will be adopted to carry out 6 aspects which are as follows: The superposition and wandering patterns of deltaic single sand bodies controlled by reservoir sedimentary correlation; the characterization of deltaic single sand body architecture based on thin intercalation recognition and prediction; the classification criteria of different level flow units with macroscopic and microscopic factors; the method of vertical reservoir flow unit subdivision and correlation based on dynamic date feedback in advance; the sedimentary micro-facies planar distribution controlled by dynamic and static parameters step by step; the planar flow unit assemblage and compartmentalization with dynamic and static multi-parameters in weight quantitative optimization method. This project aims to work out 4 key problems which are as follows: to set up the subdivision criteria of the different level reservoir flow unit; to reduce the human arbitrariness on sedimentary micro-facies plane distribution; to resolve the problem of lack of effective characterization methods for thin intercalation; and to find out a kind of operable flow unit subdivision method integrated static and dynamic parameters. We hope we can obtain some new ideas or methods on three aspects: flow unit characterization controlled by dynamic data feedback in advance, thin intercalation recognition and prediction, and flow unit subdivision integrated dynamic and static multi-parameters. Finally, based on single sand body architecture and dynamic data feedback in advance, a set of flow unit characterization method on deltaic reservoirs will be constructed. This method will be suitable to those nonmarine deltaic reservoirs with rapid-interrupted sedimentary micro-facies in China.

流动单元表征是储层地质学的热点与难点问题。本项目以三角洲储层为研究对象，以单砂体构型研究、薄夹层预测及动态先期响应储层表征为重点，采用4项关键技术，开展6项研究内容，即：①储层沉积成因对比建立三角洲单砂体叠置迁移模式、②基于薄夹层识别与预测的三角洲单砂体构型表征、③宏观与微观相结合建立不同级别流动单元划分标准、④动态先期响应进行储层的垂向流动单元划分与对比、⑤动静参数结合逐级约束三角洲沉积微相平面刻画、⑥动静态多参数优化定量权衡决策流动单元平面组合。本项目着力解决不同级别的储层流动单元划分标准、沉积微相平面分布刻画的人为随意性、薄夹层难以识别与预测、动静态多参数联合划分流动单元的可操作性等4个关键问题；并将在动态先期响应、薄夹层识别与预测方法及动静多参数流动单元划分等3个方面取得创新，探索出适于中国陆相快速相变储层的"基于单砂体沉积构型与动态先期响应的三角洲储层流动单元表征方法"。

本项目以三角洲储层为研究对象，在三角洲沉积特征与单砂体构型研究、薄夹层预测等基础上，结合生产动态响应，探索三角洲储层流动单元表征方法。根据申请书设计的研究内容，主要开展了如下6项研究，即：①储层沉积成因对比建立三角洲单砂体叠置迁移模式、②基于薄夹层识别与预测的三角洲单砂体构型表征、③宏观与微观相结合建立不同级别流动单元划分标准、④动态先期响应进行储层的垂向流动单元划分与对比、⑤动静参数结合逐级约束三角洲沉积微相平面刻画、⑥动静态多参数优化定量权衡决策流动单元平面组合。项目研究过程中，结合野外露头、现代沉积考察，把地上与地下三角洲储层研究结合起来，把动态信息引入到储层表征之中，主要取得了7项成果：建立了三角洲结构-成因分类方案，明确了湖泊三角洲的主要分布特点；明确了三角洲储层的主要构型特点与砂体叠置特征；建立了动静结合、动态先期响应的三角洲分流河道砂体对比方法；建立三角洲储层流动单元垂向划分与横向对比方法；形成了动态先期响应作为约束条件，实现沉积微相多参数刻画，尽量降低沉积微相平面分布刻画的人为随意性；探索了薄夹层识别与预测方法，提高单砂体构型与垂向流动单元划分的有效性；建立了动静态多参数综合权衡定量评价划分平面流动单元的方法。项目在动静结合三角洲储层成因对比、隔夹层分析及流动单元表征方面取得了有创新性的成果，并把研究成果应用到实际油田中三角洲储层表征之中，部分成果还申报了国家发明专利。项目研究成果对丰富三角洲油气储层的沉积学与储层地质学表征方法有借鉴意义，尤其对分析与刻画地下三角洲的储层宏观非均质性（尤其是隔夹层分析方面）、连续性与连通性、储层流动单元表征方法方面有进一步推广价值。项目研究成果预计可在实际油气田生产过程的储层综合评价方面得到应用，可为提高油气生产的效率提供一定的理论与技术支持。