丙烷旋转式压缩机启动过程气缸内工质液化机理研究

Wet compression affects the reliability of the compressor operation, and the propane condenses in the cylinder during the start-up process of rotary compressor. So it’s full of significance to investigate the condensation mechanism of propane in the cylinder of rotary compressor during start-up process for the application of propane in refrigeration industry. In this project, we will carry out the study with theoretical analysis and experimental methods on the condensation mechanism of propane in the cylinder during the start-up process of the rotary compressor. The dynamic state of propane in the suction pipe during the start-up process of rotary compressor will be observed. Then the effects of the running parameters of rotary compressor and refrigerants in the evaporator on the refrigerant state in the suction pipe during the start-up process will be researched; The variation of temperatures of the refrigerant, lubricating oil and other components in the rotary compressor during the start-up process will be carried out, thus the internal heat transfer relations between each parts would be reveal. We will also study the condensation mechanism of propane in the cylinder during the start-up process of the rotary compressor, and then obtain the theoretical law and influence factors of condensation mechanism of propane in the cylinder. The mathematical and physical models will be established to predict condensation of propane in the cylinder effectively. In particular, we will investigate the influence of liquid refrigerant in the cylinder on the compressor’s reliability and lifespan, and propose an effective solution of the Wet compression in the propane rotary compressor. This project has wide application background as well as significant academic value.

压缩机的液击是影响其可靠运行的关键因素之一，丙烷旋转式压缩机在启动过程中气缸内会发生制冷剂液化现象，所以研究丙烷旋转式压缩机启动过程中气缸内制冷剂压缩液化对丙烷在房间空调器中的应用具有重要意义。本项目采用理论分析和实验方法研究丙烷旋转式压缩机的启动过程气缸内工质液化机理。探索丙烷旋转式压缩机启动过程吸气管内制冷剂状态变化过程，阐明丙烷旋转式压缩机运行参数和蒸发器中制冷剂状态等对启动过程吸气管内制冷剂状态变化的影响规律；研究丙烷旋转式压缩机壳体内制冷剂、润滑油以及各部件的温度场在启动过程中的变化规律，进而揭示壳体内各部分之间的传热关系；获得丙烷旋转式压缩机启动过程气缸内工质发生液化的规律及其影响因素，建立有效预测丙烷压缩液化的数学和物理模型，探讨液压缩对旋转式压缩机的可靠性及使用寿命的影响，提出改善旋转式压缩机液压缩的方案。该项目具有较广的基础研究应用背景和重要的学术价值。

随着全球环保意识的提高，低GWP（全球变暖潜能值）和ODP（臭氧层破坏潜能值）制冷剂替代技术已成为空调行业制冷剂发展的趋势。而作为天然工质的R290（丙烷）因其优异的环保性能和良好的热物性已经逐步受到多个国家的重视。压缩机作为房间空调器的核心部件，研究R290旋转式压缩机启动过程中气缸内制冷剂压缩液化对丙烷在房间空调器中的应用具有重要意义。.依据资助项目计划书，设计并搭建了R290房间空调器用旋转压缩机实验系统，对压缩机启动过程气缸内压力等参数进行了测量。发现启动初期大量液态制冷剂进入储液器及气缸，导致排气后期气缸内制冷剂压力突增。本项目理论上揭示启动过程气缸制冷剂压缩过程机理，建立了旋转压缩机气缸内过热、两相及过冷制冷剂压缩过程的耦合数学模型及气阀运动的数学模型，推导了制冷剂在气缸内的相变方程。模型考虑了腔体内传热、泄漏和动能变化率等热物理过程。设计了气缸内制冷剂单相及两相压缩过程的耦合求解方法，并编写了相应的Fortran计算程序。从压缩机功率、排气温度、瞬态压力方面对气缸内制冷剂单相及两相压缩过程数学模型进行了验证。结果表明，过热气体压缩耗功的计算误差范围均在5%以内，排气温度的计算误差范围均在2℃以内。在相同的工况下，R290两相压缩过程中，吸气干度越小，液压缩现象越严重。压缩机的容积变化率越大、转速越高、排气终了的流通面积越小，均会加剧液压缩现象。在低壁面温度压缩过程，R290比R22和R410A更容易液化，且降低转速，会增大R290在一个周期内的液化量。低干度压缩过程中，R290在液压缩过程中压力升高最慢，液击过程峰值压力相比其他两种制冷剂更低。.在完成研究计划内容的基础上，取得了丰厚的成果。发表期刊论文10篇，其中SCI收录国际期刊论文9篇，国内期刊论文1篇；申报专利9项，其中已授权9项；参加国内外学术交流会议4次，均做口头汇报；培养研究生多名，其中已取得博士、硕士学位各2名。