黄土地区石油污染物迁移转化机理及净化技术研究

With the development of crude oil exploration in West China, soil pollution of petrochemical hydrocarbon has increasingly turned more severe. The aims of this research project that was proposed to implement the national strategy of West China Development, were to improve the ecological environment protection. Through a series of studies on the behaviors of petroleum compounds in loess soil, the relevant remediation tendencies and technologies have been accessible. The mechanisms of sorption/disorption both for nonionic and ionizable organic compounds in the natural and modified loess soil were investigated, respectively. Our research results have proved that the modification approach can remarkably enhance the adsorption capacity of loess soil, moreover, the sorption isotherms of the ionized organic compounds could be divided into two pars-ionic and neutral forms while the adsorption mechanisms were described by the dual-mode model theory. The results of researches also are able to with provide the theoretical basis for reliably predicting the transport and transformation of petrochemical hydrocarbons in loess soil and correspondingly for the decision-making of the effective remediation techniques. The experiments of enhanced solubility and washing off of the anionic and nonionic surfactants indicated that the removal efficiency of benzene compounds could reach more than 95%, but 20% for diesel. Additionally, the microbial degradation research successfully reduced the crude oil residues both from soil and water by using the selected extrinsic strains those were acclimated under the favorable conditions. Based on the accomplishment achieved in laboratory and the field work in Yumen Oil Field, the further research directions and alternatives are proposed.

本项目拟对西北黄土地区石油类污染物在土壤中的迁移。转化及微生物降解等规律进行研究，并对其在土壤中的次生产物的毒性及对地下水质可能存在的危害进行评价；在此基础上进一步研究生物酶氧化石油污染物的机理，以期填补微生物降解有机物理论的空白，并采用分散剂冲洗法去除土壤中残留的重油，重点研究有效，无毒的分散剂。..