生鲜乳中抗生素及其代谢产物存在水平及毒性效应研究

China's liquid dairy consumption is going on a soaring period, the quality and safety of raw and fresh milk has aroused wide concern. Incidence of diseases such as mastitis in China's dairy cows are much higher compared to developed countries for the reason of low level of cultivation and management. The massive use antibiotics brings the serious problem of drug residues and bacterial resistance. In order to get better treatment effect, some dairy farmers illegally applied human β-lactam antibiotics to cows. Beta-lactam enzymes as the main ingredients of the anti-agent was used to escape the supervision, leaving important risks for milk quality and safety of fresh and raw milk. The reports were limited on the study of the existing level especially on the toxic effect of typical antibiotics and their metabolites in raw and fresh milk. This project is intended to make the β-lactam antibiotics,which is the most widy used antibiotics, as the object of study. Through the actual administration to cows, possible metabolites and degradation products can be monitored, the formation mechanism will be investigated. After the establishment of high sensitivity analysis method, the existing level and toxic effect of the antibiotics and their metabolites can be evaluated..The results will provide relevant technical support to carry out the quality and safety risk assessment and risk management.

我国液态奶消费正处在快速增长期，生鲜乳质量安全受到社会广泛关注。受养殖和管理水平低下等多种因素影响，我国奶牛乳房炎等疾病发病率远高于奶业发达国家，不得不大量使用抗生素，带来严重的药物残留和细菌耐药问题。部分养殖户为获得更好治疗效果非法使用人用β-内酰胺类抗生素，并在收奶前加入β-内酰胺酶为主要成分的解抗剂以逃避监管，由此造成生鲜乳奶质量安全的重要隐患。至今国内外有关生鲜乳中抗生素及其代谢产物存在水平的报道十分有限，对毒性效应的报道基本空白。本项目拟以我国当前奶牛养殖中使用最为广泛的β-内酰胺类药物为研究对象，通过实际给药试验，监测可能的代谢和降解产物，探讨其形成机制，在建立高灵敏度分析方法的基础上，调查这些物质在原料乳中存在水平，并对其毒理学效应进行评价，为开展相关质量安全风险评估和风险管理提供技术支持。

我国液态奶消费正处在快速增长期，生鲜乳质量安全受到社会广泛关注。受养殖和管理水平低下等多种因素影响，我国奶牛乳房炎等疾病发病率远高于奶业发达国家，不得不大量使用抗生素，带来严重的药物残留和细菌耐药问题。部分养殖户为获得更好治疗效果非法使用人用β-内酰胺类抗生素，成为生鲜乳奶质量安全的重要隐患。至今国内外有关生鲜乳中人用抗生素及其代谢产物存在水平的报道极为有限，对毒性效应的报道基本空白。本项目以我国当前奶牛养殖中使用最为广泛的β-内酰胺类药物为研究对象，选择了正在或可能被滥用的6种人用β-内酰胺类药物（头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、头孢喹肟、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、头孢拉定），完成了奶牛的实际给药试验，采集了6种人用β-内酰胺类药物给药后0-48h的血清样品和0-100h的乳汁和尿液样品。完成了头孢哌酮在奶牛体内的药物代谢动力学研究，首次发现头孢哌酮在乳汁中的稳定代谢产物。建立了高灵敏度的牛奶中14种β-内酰胺类抗生素残留质谱检测方法，开展了这些物质在原料乳中存在水平研究。完成了头孢哌酮在乳汁和血清中的药代动力学研究，计算了其累计排泄率并对奶中残留头孢哌酮原型药物对人体健康的风险进行了初步评估。研究成果为开展相关质量安全风险评估和风险管理将提供有效技术支持。