1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a carcinogenic air pollutant. 1-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and its enzyme-activated product, 1-chloro-3-buten-2-one (CBO) are two novel in vitro BD metabolites, which may be associated with BD carcinogenicity in humans. However, their presence in BD-exposed humans has not been demonstrated. Thus, we plan (1) to characterize the reaction products of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and CBO, and of NAC and 1-chloro-3,4-epoxy-2-butanol (CEB), which is expected to be a bioactivated product of CHB by cytochrome P450s; (2) using these products and CBO-nucleoside/DNA base adducts as biomarkers, develop the methods for detection of the biomarkers in human urine, and determine the best biomarkers for biomonitoring; (3) to detect qualitatively and quantitatively the selected biomarkers in urinary samples from smokers and establish the relationships between the concentrations of the biomarkers and BD exposure, thus obtaining the evidence for the formation of CHB, CBO, and CEB in vivo. In addition, preliminary studies have shown that CHB and CBO are both cytotoxic and genotoxic, however, the origin of their toxicities is still unclear. We plan to make further investigation and elucidate the origin of their toxicities. The proposed research projects are expected to address two basic questions: whether CHB and CBO are formed in BD-exposed humans, and whether they are toxic and what contributes to their toxicities. The positive answers to the two questions will drive more studies towards the two metabolites and provide the rationale for these studies, and may change our understanding of BD carcinogenicity and affect the health risk assessment of BD.
丁二烯是一种致癌性空气污染物。1-氯-2-羟基-3-丁烯(CHB)和其酶活化产物1-氯-3-丁烯-2-酮(CBO)是两种新型丁二烯体外代谢物,可能与丁二烯对人的致癌性密切相关,但在体内的产生尚未证实。本项目拟研究CBO和另一预料的CHB酶活化产物1-氯-3,4-环氧-2-丁醇(CEB)与乙酰半胱氨酸的反应产物,以这些产物和CBO-DNA碱基加成产物作为生物标志物,开发检测方法并进行筛选,在吸烟者尿样中检测筛选出的生物标志物,建立生物标志物浓度与暴露量的关系,获得CHB和CBO在人体内产生的证据。另外,前期研究发现CHB和CBO有细胞毒性和遗传毒性,本项目拟进行深入研究,阐明毒性的主要原因。本项目将回答两个基本问题:CHB和CBO是否在暴露人体内产生;是否有毒性及毒性的主要根源。对这两个问题的肯定回答将为后续研究提供动力和意义所在,并可能改变对丁二烯致癌机理的认识,影响暴露的风险评估。
1,3-丁二烯(简称丁二烯)是一种致癌性的空气污染物,它的致癌性源于其代谢产物。丁二烯可被细胞色素P450酶(简称P450酶)代谢为环氧化物,在体外实验中发现也可被髓过氧化酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)代谢为具有遗传毒性的1-氯-2-羟基-3-丁烯(1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene,CHB)。但MPO代谢途径是否存在于活体内尚未有任何研究报道,同时,CHB被P450酶的代谢也没有被研究过。因此,针对这些问题,本项目从下列几个方面进行了研究。(1)丁二烯在活体内的代谢;(2)CHB被P450酶的体外代谢;(3)CHB在活体内的代谢(通过检测尿中生物标志物);(4)引起CHB遗传毒性的可能结构因素。相应的实验结果简述如下。(1)利用荧光试剂衍生化后用HPLC检测的方法,在丁二烯给药小鼠(20 mg/kg)的血液中检测到了CHB,说明丁二烯能够在活体内转化为CHB。(2)P450酶可将CHB代谢为1-氯-3,4-环氧-2-丁醇(1-chloro-3,4-epoxy-2-butanol,CEB)和1-氯-3-丁烯-2-酮(1-chloro-3-buten-2-one,CBO),而CBO是主要产物。参与代谢的P450亚类包括2E1和其它尚未确定的亚类。(3)CBO与乙酰半胱氨酸反应产生两种偶联产物:1,4-双(N-乙酰基-S-半胱氨酸基)-2-丁酮(NC1)和1-氯-4-(N-乙酰基-S-半胱氨酸基)-2-丁酮(NC2)。在CHB给药(25 mg/kg)大鼠的尿中,用LC-MS-MS检测到了NC1,从而提供了CHB在活体内被转化为CBO的证据。(4)CHB中具有反应性的氯甲基可能在CHB遗传毒性中起着关键作用,因为其结构类似物3-丁烯-2-醇即使在1 mM也未显示任何遗传毒性,而且在细胞实验中,可抑制CHB到CBO转化的抑制剂4-甲基吡唑和1-苄基咪唑对CHB的遗传毒性没有任何效应。本项目的研究表明,丁二烯在活体内可代谢为CHB,而CHB可进一步转化为CBO,最终转化为NC1并从尿中排出。本项目的结果首次提供了丁二烯MPO代谢途径在活体内存在的证据,大大增加了对丁二烯代谢的理解,并可能对丁二烯在人体上的致癌性提供解释。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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