母乳喂养中母婴互动行为与母亲生殖激素水平的关系研究

Mother-infant interaction is very important for promoting children's growth and development. In recent years, there is a widespread concern of mother-infant interaction in international research. The research on the biological factors of mother-infant interaction is mainly focused on animal models, however, the human research is still in its initial stage and faces many methodological challenges. Oxytocin(OT) is a important reproductive hormone and has regulating effect on breastfeeding. Using this period to establish a natural research model to study the relationship between mother-infant interaction and hormonal regulation, will provide direct and reliable evidence for deeply exploring the effective factors of mother-infant interaction. .In this study, the research subjects will be mother-infant dyads. And the data will be collected when the infants is 3 month old and feeding by exclusive breastfeeding or artificial feeding. The sociodemographic characteristics, family information and parenting status will be collected by retrospective questionnaires. The correlative factors such as mother's depression and infant's temperament, will be evaluated by special scales. A longitudinal approach will be used to observe the interaction behaviors during feeding prospectively, and the video will be coded by professional staffs. Saliva samples from mothers will be collected at the same time of observing the mother-infant interaction, and the reproductive hormone levels will be assessed. In this study, the differences of mater-infant interaction behaviors between exclusive breastfeeding and artificial feeding group will be compared by both single factor analysis and multifactor analysis. We will also explore the relationship between the maternal reproductive hormone level and mother-infant interaction behavior in the process of feeding infants by correlation analysis. And the structural equation model will be used to construct the biological, mental and social factors model of mother-infant interaction behavior in early infancy. .The results of this study will be benefit to evaluate the relationship between mother and infant, discover and prevent the risk factors of nurturing, and provide a scientific basis for exploring the biological mechanism of infant's social emotional development in further.

母婴互动对促进婴幼儿生长发育有重要意义。近年来，国际上广泛开展的影响母婴互动的生物因素研究主要见于动物模型，人类研究尚处于初始阶段且面临很多方法学挑战。母乳喂养过程受催产素等生殖激素调节，利用此时期建立生殖激素与母婴互动关系的天然的研究模型，将为深入探索母婴互动的影响因素提供直接可靠的证据。.本研究以3月龄纯母乳喂养和人工喂养的母婴对为研究对象。回顾性调查家庭背景、婴儿养育等情况，结合量表评价母亲情绪、婴儿气质等因素，前瞻性观察哺喂过程中的母婴互动，收集并测定母亲唾液的生殖激素水平。通过单、多因素分析不同喂养方式母婴互动行为差异，相关分析明确母婴互动行为与母亲生殖激素的关系，采用结构方程模型构建婴儿早期哺喂过程中母婴互动行为的生物-心理-社会因素模型，系统评估其作用强度。.研究结果为评价母婴互动行为、发现和预防养育中的风险因素提供科学依据，为深入探索促进婴儿社会情感发展的机制奠定基础。

母婴互动对于探索促进儿童早期发展的有效措施及其机制具有重要意义。喂养是婴儿早期（3月龄以内）觉醒状态下最主要的活动，喂养过程中的母婴互动及其影响因素的研究在我国较少，特别是相关生物学研究尚缺乏报道。国际上对于母婴互动的生物学机制研究主要集中在动物模型上，人类研究尚处于初始阶段且面临着很多方法学上的挑战。.本研究采用回顾性和前瞻性相结合的方法探索了我国3月龄婴儿及其母亲在日常和哺喂过程中的两个维度下的母婴互动模式，从表现-激素水平两个层面分析婴儿早期哺喂过程中母婴互动行为的生物、心理和社会因素，包括唾液催产素、不同喂养方式和母亲养育信心与抑郁情绪等，探索了母亲唾液催产素在哺喂过程中的变化及其与喂养方式的关联。研究的重要结果和关键数据：（1）通过视频观察和编码形成了反映母婴互动的3个维度和27个指标，证明纯母乳喂养的母亲对婴儿中期哺喂信号的识别能力更强。（2）明确了婴儿哺喂过程中母亲唾液OT水平的变化趋势，获得了婴儿哺乳过程中母乳喂养母亲的唾液OT水平高于人工喂养母亲的证据。（3）揭示了社会人口学因素、不同喂养方式及母亲育儿信心等与母婴互动的关系，证明纯母乳喂养对我国婴儿3月龄多个能区的发育状况产生影响，而爱婴措施对实现纯母乳喂养具有重要作用。.本研究提供基于中国人群的较大样本的母婴互动行为及其生物—心理—社会因素的多维度研究证据，建立了不同喂养方式下婴儿早期哺喂过程中唾液催产素水平的天然生物学模型，为探索母婴互动行为的生物学机制研究做出有益探索。通过视频编码获得的母婴互动观察结果为开发适合我国国情的母婴互动评价工具打下基础，也为我国儿童保健领域开展家庭养育观察与指导提供宝贵经验。