空心金纳米结构@MoS2纳米片/石墨烯三元复合材料的制备及在电化学传感中的应用

The exploitation of novel nanomaterials for electrode modification is an effective way to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors. In this project, a ternary composite nanomaterial composed of hollow gold nanostructure, graphene and MoS2 nanosheet will be prepared by the electrostatic self-assembly method. This composite nanomaterial is expected to have high conductivity, large surface-to-volume ratio and high catalytic activity, and will be used to construct electrochemical sensors with good performance. The optimum preparation condition for the ternary composite nanomaterial can be obtained by investigating the technological parameters such as the amount of raw materials, the amount of surface modifiers, pH value and reaction time. The micro-mechanism and interaction law in the combining process will be explored. Then, the controllable synthesis for the composite material will be realized. Some intrinsic factors of composition, morphology, microstructure and their influence on the conductivity and electrocatalytic ability of the ternary composite nanomaterial are to be studied. At last, the regulation law of the structure characteristics of the composite material to its electrochemical property will be revealed. Based on the above study, some electrochemical sensing systems with low detection limit, wide linear range and high sensitivity will be constructed. This research will have great scientific impact on the synthesis of new materials and even the electrochemical theories in the future.

开发新型纳米材料用于修饰电极是提高电化学传感器性能的一种有效途径。本项目拟采用特殊形貌的空心金纳米结构、石墨烯以及二硫化钼纳米片为基本材料，通过静电自组装的方法制备导电性高、比表面积大、催化活性强的三元复合材料，以发展基于此复合材料的高效电化学传感器。通过考察原料用量、表面修饰剂用量、pH值、反应时间等化学合成工艺参数，获得复合材料的最佳制备条件，探明三种材料复合过程的微观机制及相互作用规律，实现其可控制备；研究材料的组成、形貌、微观结构等特性因素对导电性、电催化活性的影响，揭示材料的结构特点对其电化学性能的调控规律。在此基础上，构建低检测限、宽检测范围、高灵敏度的电化学传感新体系。该项研究对于新材料合成以及电化学理论研究具有重要的科学意义。

电化学传感器因具有灵敏度高、准确性好、体积小、操作简单等优点而被广泛地应用于医学检测、食品分析以及环境监测等领域。因其性能很大程度上取决于修饰电极材料的微观结构和表面性质，因此，制备高效、可控、低成本、稳定的纳米材料用于修饰电极是提高电化学传感器检测性能的关键。本项目以石墨烯、二硫化钼两种二维材料为载体，采用其与过渡金属纳米结构相结合的形式，通过发挥材料的协同作用来获得电催化活性高的新型修饰电极材料。我们制备了AuNCs/RGO、Ni@Pt/RGO、PtNi/MoS2纳米片、PB-Au@MoS2NFs几种复合材料，对材料的组成、形貌与结构进行了表征，通过对合成工艺参数的考察，获得了最佳制备条件。同时，我们探讨了材料的组成、结构等对导电性、电催化活性的影响，并在此基础上，构建了三种低检测限、宽检测范围、高灵敏度的电化学传感新体系用于多巴胺、尿酸、葡萄糖的电化学检测。同时，在研究过程中，我们发现新材料PB-Au@MoS2NFs具有较强的模拟辣根过氧化物酶的活性，于是我们构建了新型比色传感体系，并将其成功用过氧化氢和葡萄糖的紫外比色分析。相关研究对于新材料合成以及电化学检测、紫外比色分析检测平台的构建具有一定的科学意义和参考价值。