中国对美国直接投资的空间演化机理与区位选择研究

With the deepening of its participation in economic globalization, China is now the largest direct investment exporter among the developing countries and has become the net outward foreign direct investment country since 2014. This is an important feature in the new period of China’s open economy. The United States is the biggest and the most important host country of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment （COFDI） from 2004 and get fastest growing since then .So the study of COFDI in U.S.A would have a long term strategic significance both in national and enterprise level. However , comparing this surging Chinese investment in the United States, the research of it in China is behindhand. How to choice the investment location is the first key question , but till now ,researches about the location choice of COFDI mainly in the discussing on country level , lacking the analysis on regional level and it is more needed in China outward investment trends. So, this project is essential. The inner country location choice question in the United States will be researched in the project...Absorption of COFDI into the United States focuses on state-level administrative units, which have considerable scope for autonomy. Therefore research on the investment environment and location choice based at the state-level is undoubtedly the best perspective. The proposed study is relevant to investment location theory and also involves the challenges of specific investment practices. ..This project will uses standard FDI theory discuss , rigorous empirical analysis and quantitative evaluation based on sample data to discuss characteristics of the spatial distribution of Chinese outward direct investment in the United States, analysis its evolution patters and its driving mechanism ,explore its development rules and trends characteristics. Quantitative determination of the impact factors of China foreign direct investment location choice and comprehensive evaluation the investment environment aimed at Chinese outward direct investment at the state scale. The states of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia in the southeastern Atlantic coast region of the United States are the earliest areas to accept Chinese Outward FDI, and are currently experiencing rapid development.These three states are therefore selected as the first one of the target to locations choice study for this research.Then ,the biggest accept Chinese outward FDI states shuch as Califotnia,New York,Tsxas as well as the smallest accept COFDI states ,such as Oklahoma,Wisconsin also be selected as the target state to research...The study’s exploration of the location choice of Chinese outward direct investment in the United States provides a practical guidance role for Chinese effective investment in the target region, as well as a means for choosing other investment locations in the United States. The research will enrich the theory of Foreign Direct Investment from developing countries to developed countries, provide enlightenment on the function of Chinese investment, and valuable guidance on preparation for large-scale investment in the United States. Additionally, this research will also enrich the study of national geography in China.

随着参与经济全球化程度的加深，中国已成为对外直接投资最大的发展中国家和净对外投资国。美国是接受中国投资最多、增长速度最快、投资企业分布最多的东道国，对其的研究在国家和企业层面都有长远的战略意义。区位选择是对外直接投资的首要问题, 现有研究多集中在国家层面，而美国是联邦制国家，“州”是吸收直接投资的主体，州区位选择会深刻影响投资发展及绩效。基于此，本项目将聚焦“州”层面，使用多重数据，采用规范的理论探讨，严谨的实证研究和定量评价，分析中国对美国直接投资的时空演化特点及形成机理，探寻其发展的规律性和趋势性，结合企业调研和对典型州的研究，全面评价各州针对中国的投资环境，综合判定投资区位选择的影响因子，构建中国对美国直接投资的区位选择模式。本项目研究以期在理论上，验证并丰富发展中国家对外直接投资理论；实践上，为中国对美直接投资提供科学参考；还将拓展并深化国别地理的研究内容。

作为全球最大的发展中国家和新兴经济体，中国的对外直接投资（China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment COFDI）具有重要性和特殊性。2000年以来，中国对美国直接投资发展迅速，规模不断扩大，领域逐渐拓宽，方式日趋多元，美国已经成为中国对外直接投资的最大东道国。中国对美国直接投资的研究也由此为国内外学术界和政府及企业共同关注。在此背景下，本项目以美国的50个州和华盛顿-哥伦比亚特区为研究对象，从空间视角切入，从定性和定量两个方面总结了2000年以来中国对美国直接投资的空间演化特征及影响因素，并对华人移民因素进行了专门讨论；探讨了中国对美直接投资的驱动机制；分析了中国对美直接投资的业绩、潜力及对美国就业的影响；研究了中国投资美国高新技术产业的空间集聚；讨论了中国民营企业对美直接投资的空间格局及区位选择因素；尝试性地对不同类型、不同产业、不同进入方式的中国对美投资企业进行了实证分析。除此之外，还在美国对外直接投资的空间格局及影响因素、美国对中国的直接投资及影响因素、中国双向投资（对外直接投资及吸收外资）的互动关系、美国双向投资（对外直接投资及吸收外资）的互动关系、中国对北美自由贸易区以及金砖国家的直接投资、中国对周边国家直接投资的时空格局及影响因素、中国入境和出境商务旅游与对外直接投资的关系等等方面进行了延伸和扩展研究。.与中国外向型经济发展先“引进来”后“走出去”的历程相同步，学术界对于吸引外资有大量的研究，而有关中国对外直接投资和对主要东道国的研究尚较薄弱，即便对于最重要东道国美国也不例外。且已有相关研究多是从国家层面进行分析，对内部区域的探讨还较缺乏。本项目基于空间视角，在州一级层面上，结合理论与实证两方面深入研究中国对美国直接投资的格局、过程和机制。以期为中国对美国直接投资实践和区位选择提供科学启示和战略参考。