基于航海雷达的海上油田溢油监测技术研究

Marine radar can overcome the bad weather and monitor oil spill monitor in a large range all day. It can be used to build a network monitoring system easily. The application bottlenecks of marine radar in the field of offshore field oil spill monitoring includes limited effective monitoring area, automatic identification of discrete oil films, fade zones caused by towering facilities. To solve the above problems, based on the radar signal attenuation law and sea conditions parameters, an adaptive correction model of signal is researched to expand the effective range of the oil spill monitoring. Based on the improved active contour model and HAC method, a fast discrete oil films identification technology is researched. Based on the technology of marine radar target location and Geographic Information System, the oil spill monitoring data application model is improved. Based on the technology of spread spectrum microwave network, a scheme for oil spill monitoring in offshore field without fade zones is established. The purpose of this project is to establish offshore field oil spill monitoring network mode based on marine radar. It provides theoretical and technical support for safety production of offshore field, marine oil spill emergency response and the responsibility judgment of marine oil spill accident.

航海雷达能够克服恶劣天气，全天时进行较大范围内的溢油监测，且易于构建网络化监测体系。然而溢油有效监测范围有限、无法自动识别离散的油膜、无法监测到高耸设施引起的遮挡盲区等问题一直是航海雷达在海上油田溢油监测领域应用的瓶颈。针对上述难题，本课题组拟利用雷达信号衰减规律与海况参数，研究信号自适应矫正模型，扩大溢油监测的有效范围；基于改进活动轮廓模型与凝聚层次聚类法，研究一种快速的离散油膜识别技术；基于航海雷达目标定位技术与地理信息系统技术，改进航海雷达溢油监测数据应用模型；基于海上扩频微波网络技术，建立定点监测与周期巡航的无盲区海上油田溢油监测方案。本课题旨在基于航海雷达，建立海上油田组网式无缝溢油监测模式，为海上油田安全生产、溢油应急处置与事故责任判定等工作的顺利进行提供理论依据和技术保障。

随着海洋石油开采和运输业的快速发展，溢油事故频发。石油泄漏对海洋环境危害非常深。快速有效地开展溢油监测预警具有重要意义。航海雷达能够克服恶劣天气，全天时进行较大范围内的溢油监测，且易于构建网络化监测体系。然而溢油有效监测范围有限、无法自动识别离散的油膜等问题一直是航海雷达在海上油田溢油监测领域应用的瓶颈。针对上述难题，本课题组提出了一些有效的解决方法，包括：（1）提出一种航海雷达图像灰度分布矩阵，筛选出溢油有效的监测范围，并基于阈值法提取海上油膜的方法；（2）利用雷达信号衰减规律，研究航海雷达图像灰度强度自适应矫正模型，最大化溢油监测的有效范围，并基于自适应阈值提出了一种离散油膜识别方法；（3）基于连续像元面积阈值参数改进的活动轮廓模型，研究一种快速有效的临近离散油膜识别技术；（4）提出了一种基于支持向量机的海上油膜识别方法；（5）基于航海雷达目标定位技术与地理信息系统技术，提出航海雷达溢油监测数据与电子海图数据融合的方法，改进航海雷达溢油监测数据的应用模型，可以实时计算海面油膜的面积。本课题基于航海雷达原始影像数据，研发的海上溢油识别监测方法，可以为海上油田安全生产、溢油应急处置与事故责任判定等工作的顺利进行提供理论依据和技术保障。