典型工业区不同工业源排放颗粒物中多氯联苯异构体成分谱的建立和应用研究

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Soils served as a key reservoir and second evaporative source for PCBs. Atmosphere is the important transport way for PCBs..The influence of new industrial emission sources on PCBs levels was more and more obvious when the use and production of commercial PCBs were banned.The new PCBs emission sources such as petro-chemical,oil exploitation and refining, coal and waste incineration power plant, waste landfill, electric cable incineration for metal reclaimmation etc. were all located at Tianjin Binhai new area-the biggest industrial base in north China.. As mentioned above, the study on the pollution characteristics and source apportionment of PCBs in soil and atmosphere under the influence of a number of industial emission sources has the important times significance. Tianjin Binhai new area is the research region for this proposal, the pollution characteristics of soils and atmospheric PCBs under the influence of industrial sources, establishment of PCBs profiles and dioxin-like PCBs profiles for different size of particles from industial sources and source apportionment using multiple models for this area are detailed conducted.The research contents include: 1)Temporal,spatial distribution and congener-specific distribution of PCBs in soils and atmosphere;2)Detailed model study on the air/particle. 3)Source apportionment for PCBs in atmoshperic particles and surface soils using several models including chemical mass balance (CMB),positive matrix factorization model (PMF),principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR)model and Unmix model; 4)Establishment of emission profiles of particle PCBs (PM2.5,PM10 and TSP) for the industrial sources using measured PCB congeners data for known souces combined with the deduced congener profils for unknown sources by PMF, PCA-MLR and Unmix; 5)Teporal,spatial and congerner distribution characteristics as well as source apportionment of PCBs in PM2.5,PM10 and TSP. . The purpose of this proposal is to know the pollution characteristics of PCBs and contributions rate of new sources to PCBs in atmospheric particles and soils from the industrial base under the influence of a large number of new industrial sources.At the same time, the industrial sources PCBs emission profiles are established.

多氯联苯为典型持久有机污染物，土壤为储蓄库和挥发源，大气为主要迁移途径。传统多氯联苯商品生产禁止后，新工业源如石化、垃圾焚烧、火电厂、金属回收等的贡献凸显，但对这些污染源集中地区多氯联苯的污染特征缺乏系统研究。本课题拟以天津滨海新区-北方最大港口工业基地为研究地域，建立工业源不同粒径颗粒物多氯联苯和类二噁英异构体排放成分谱，研究大气和表层土中多氯联苯的污染特征，并进行多模型来源解析。内容包括：1)大气和表层土中多氯联苯的时空和异构体分布；2)气-粒分配；3)受体模型CMB、PMF、PCA-MLR和Unmix联合解析大气颗粒物和表层土中多氯联苯的来源；4)工业源排放颗粒物多氯联苯实测数据与模型反演结合建立成分谱；5)大气不同粒径颗粒物中多氯联苯的特征。旨在建立工业源排放成分谱，明确新工业源影响下的表层土和大气中多氯联苯特征及来源。

多氯联苯为典型持久有机污染物，土壤为储蓄库和挥发源，大气为主要迁移途径。传统多氯联苯商品生产禁止后，新工业源如石化、垃圾焚烧、火电厂、金属回收等的贡献凸显，但对这些污染源集中地区多氯联苯的污染特征缺乏系统研究。本课题拟以天津滨海新区-北方最大港口工业基地为研究地域，建立不同污染源不同粒径颗粒物多氯联苯、多环芳烃和重金属元素排放成分谱，并比较其相似性。研究大气和表层土中多氯联苯的污染特征，并进行来源解析。内容包括：1)大气和表层土中多氯联苯的时空和异构体分布；2)气-粒分配；3)火力发电厂和生物质燃烧排放的多污染物成分谱及相似性研究。旨在建立污染源排放多污染物成分谱，并比较相似性。. 研究内容和经费按照任务书执行。获得了天津市区及工业区在当地多氯联苯排放源影响下的异构体气固分配状态，并判断了偏离平衡状态的程度；获得了全国范围内18个火力发电厂的多氯联苯、多环芳烃及重金属元素排放成分谱；获得了京津冀地区8类生物质燃料排放颗粒物的多氯联苯、多环芳烃及重金属元素排放成分谱；获得工业区土壤中多氯联苯的污染特征；获得了火力发电厂飞灰颗粒物和生物质燃烧排放灰分的多氯联苯和多环芳烃指示异构体，对该类污染源在多氯联苯和多环芳烃源解析工作提供支持。. 三种气固模型均判定天津市区和滨海工业区大气中多氯联苯严重偏离了气固平衡状态，表明了当地污染源的强烈影响；研究了天津地区不同功能区土壤中多氯联苯的分布特征；首次大范围的研究了全国范围18个燃煤火力发电厂（600MW和200/300MW）排放飞灰中的多氯联苯、多环芳烃和重金属元素的分布特征；京津冀地区不同生物质燃烧释放的多氯联苯、多环芳烃和重金属的分布特征、诊断因子及成分谱相似性比较。通过各种污染源的多污染成分谱的相似性的比较、诊断因子及指示异构体的研究，不仅简化了源解析工作，且为其提供数据支持。