基于剪切变硬弹性体的电子皮肤的研究

Electronic skin (e-skin) is a bionic tactile device for mimicking the function of human skin. Due to the advantages of lightweight, flexibility, high sensitivity and wide sensing range, e-skin shows promising application in smart robots and bionic limbs. So far, the reported e-skins with high sensitivity are mainly focused on mimicking the sensing properties of human skin but have largely ignored other crucial functions. Additionally, the increasing terrorism and international conflicts are serious threat to world peace and stability in recent years. Therefore, developing multifunctional e-skin with safeguarding property is an urgent and meaning work. Based on the pre-research results, this proposal is aiming to prepare and study a novel e-skin with force-sensing and safeguarding performance by introducing conductive nano-fillers into shear stiffening elastomer. The mechanic-electronical coupling properties will be systematically characterized. We will particularly focus on investigating the safeguarding and force sensing effect of e-skin under loading force with various rates, designing the e-skin property measurement system. Combining the above experimental results with microstructure evolution, the anti-impact and sensing mechanism of e-skin will be proposed and the relative constitutive model will be established. Finally, a smart sandwich-structured Kevlar/e-skin/Kevlar electronic device will be designed and the relative fundamental scientific points will be focused. All the above researches can afford experimental and theoretical supports for both the development and applications of smart e-skin materials.

电子皮肤是一种模拟人类皮肤功能的仿生触觉传感器件，由于其轻质柔软、灵敏度高、检测范围广，因而在智能机器人和仿生假肢等领域具有重要的应用前景。然而目前电子皮肤的研究重点主要集中于模拟传感特性而忽视了对皮肤其它性能的研究。加之当前恐怖主义严重威胁着世界和平，研发具有防护效应的电子皮肤是一项具有重要意义的课题。针对当前研究现状的不足之处，本申请在已有预研基础上，通过向剪切变硬弹性体中引入导电纳米粒子，研发具有人体防护和传感等多种功能的电子皮肤。对该电子皮肤的力-电耦合行为进行系统性实验测试，重点研究其在低、中和高应变率冲击载荷下的防护性能和传感特性，完善电子皮肤性能表征方法。结合实验研究结果与微观结构演化规律，探索其内在机理，建立能够描述该多功能电子皮肤防护和传感行为的参数模型。最后，优化设计Kevlar/电子皮肤/Kevlar夹芯结构的智能防护器件，为其工程应用提供坚实的实验基础和理论基础。

冲击现象广泛存在于实际生活中，冲击动能往往容易造成人员受伤甚至是死亡，因此研发新型防护材料极为必要。此外，传统的柔性电子器件虽然能够感知多种外界激励，但在冲击载荷下容易破坏失效，因此研制高性能抗冲击电子皮肤器件对人体防护和电子产品的发展均具有重要意义。本研究首先通过引入多种纳米粒子改性剪切变硬弹性体，再引入导电物质形成导电层，研制新型抗冲击电子皮肤器件。基于拉伸机、落锤、多功能万用表和阻抗仪等装置构建了其力-电耦合表征平台，系统研究上述器件在不同冲击载荷下的力学防护及传感行为。研究发现，通过引入聚四氟乙烯纳米粒子能够显著改善剪切变硬弹性体的电学稳定性，最终研制的抗冲击可穿戴电子皮肤阵列可耗散58%的冲击动能。引入磁性羰基铁粉可实现电子皮肤力学和电学性能定向控制的目标，该可穿戴电子皮肤可对外界压力和磁场表现出显著的响应感知效应。在此基础上探究了其防护-感知机理。最后，将剪切增稠材料与Kevlar纤维复合，开发出了力学性能更加优良的抗冲击防护复合织物。使用弹道冲击装置系统研究了其力学防护性能，采用有限元模拟等方法研究了其防护机理。上述复合纤维也同时具有优良的感知效应，可监测多种人体运动。最后基于蓝牙模块，开发出了具有冲击感知-预警功能的柔性可穿戴体系，为其实际工程应用奠定理论与实验基础。