基于植物系统分类学中国东北地区蒲公英属种质资源评价与分类鉴定

Chinese medicine dandelion plants in the world, is compositae tongue zhuang spend one of the most evolutionary groups subfamily, widely distributed in China. The vast majority of areas in China were recorded. But dandelion resources classification identification more difficult, species boundaries is confused. Such as dandelion germplasm resources in our country northeast, with the actual distribution of existence. This project completed in northeastern China 10 kinds of dandelion germplasm resources on the basis of classification evaluation, in northeast China has not yet been set a variety of dandelion as research materials, surrounding its taxonomic identification of germplasm resources and resource evaluation. First of all, through the morphological classification method, will dandelion classification identification of germplasm resources. Secondly using cytotaxonomy chromosome karyotype analysis, determine the chromosome number and karyotype characteristics of times sex; And chemical taxonomy high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is adopted to establish the dandelion chemical fingerprint; Finally verified molecular systematics, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dandelion genetic map construction, complete the dandelion classification evaluation. This project will be completed in northeast dandelion germplasm resource classification and evaluation, and supplement and perfect the "flora of China" dandelion is a classification key points and the distribution of the species resources, in order to further develop the dandelion medicinal resources, regulate the dandelion medicinal value, reasonable use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dandelions, experimental basis.

中药蒲公英属世界性植物，是菊科舌壮花亚科最进化类群之一，在中国广泛分布。我国绝大部分地区均有记载。但蒲公英资源分类鉴定较困难，种属界限较混淆。如我国东北地区蒲公英属种质资源记载，与实际分布情况存在出入。本项目在完成中国东北地区10种蒲公英种质资源分类评价基础上，以东北地区尚未确定的多种蒲公英为研究材料，围绕其种质资源分类鉴定和资源评价工作展开研究。首先通过形态学分类方法，将蒲公英种质资源进行分类鉴定。其次利用细胞分类学染色体核型分析法，确定其染色体数目及倍性等核型特征；进而采用化学分类学高效液相色谱法建立蒲公英化学指纹图谱；最终进行分子系统学验证，构建中药蒲公英遗传图谱，完成蒲公英属资源分类评价。本项目将对东北地区蒲公英属种质资源分类与评价，进而补充和完善《中国植物志》蒲公英属分类要点与种属资源分布情况，为进一步开发蒲公英药用资源，规范中药蒲公英药用价值，合理利用中药蒲公英，奠定实验基础。

据《中国植物志》记载：蒲公英属(Taraxacum)许多种常无融合生殖或天然杂交而形成新植株。但是，这些无融合类型个体间不进行基因交流，因而其生物学种难以确定，种间界限难以划分。因此，研究蒲公英属植物分类鉴定与资源评价工作具有重要意义。本项目是在完成分类鉴定10种蒲公英种质资源基础上开展的，完成了中国东北地区蒲公英属植物分布踏查与种质资源鉴定工作。通过形态学分类方法，对蒲公英种质资源进行分类鉴定，共确定东北地区存在18种蒲公英，分别是丹东蒲公英，T. antungense Kitag.;亚洲蒲公英，T. asiaticum Dahlst.；斑叶蒲公英，T. variegatum Kitag.；蒙古蒲公英，T. mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.；朝鲜蒲公英，T. coreanum Nakai.；东北蒲公英，T. ohwianum Kitag.；卷苞蒲公英T. urbanum Kitag.；狭戟片蒲公英，T. asiaticum var.lonchophyllum Kitag.；台湾蒲公英, T. heterolepis Nakai et Koidz.ex Kitag.；辽东蒲公英, T. liaotungense Kitag.；凸尖蒲公英, T. sinomongolicum Kitag.；异苞蒲公英, T. heterolepis Nakai et Koidz.ex Kitag.; 芥叶蒲公英，T. brassicae folium Kitag.; 白缘蒲公英，T. platypecidum Diels.; 兴安蒲公英，T. falcilobum Kitag.; 华蒲公英，T. borealisinense Kitam.; 长春蒲公英，T. junpeianum Kitam.; 红梗蒲公英，T. erythopodium Kitag.。进一步利用细胞分类学染色体核型分析法，确定其染色体数目及倍性等核型特征，新发现的8种蒲公英均为三倍体，2X=3n=24; 采用化学分类学高效液相色谱法建立蒲公英化学成分分析，18种蒲公英咖啡酸和绿原酸含量均符合《中国药典》入药标准；最终我们进行分子系统学ITS序列验证了18种蒲公英种间亲缘关系，确定了形态学分类结果的正确性。本项目为进一步开发蒲公英药用资源，规范中药蒲公英药用价值，合理利用中药蒲公英，奠定实验基础。