二维（2D）活塞泵及电动液压技术的基础理论研究

The structure principle of 2D (two-dimensional) piston pump is proposed based on the long term research of 2D hydraulic component, which uses piston’s reciprocating and rotary motion to respectively realize periodic variation of working volume and function of flow distribution. It not only significantly simplifies pump structure, but also eliminates the sliding friction pairs with high speed and heavy load, and break through the energy efficiency restriction of high pressure pump, therefore it has advantages of high efficiency, high energy and high speed. The theoretical support of engineering development is provided through research of the fundamental science and technology problems of elasto-hydrodynamic lubricating oil film theory, vibration and noise, mute mechanism and high speed of 2D piston pump. The further integration of novel 2D piston pump with electromagnetic and electronic technology provides a new development concept for electro-hydrostatic actuator, which is regarded as current research focuses of electro hydraulic transmission and control field. For that a new structure of wet reluctance motor using axial phase segmentation is also put forward. It can be combined with hydraulic pump to form electro-hydrostatic actuator, which not only can eliminate dynamic sealing of rotation axis, and improve working life and reliability, but also can use hydraulic oil to effectively lubricate bearing and cool motor. The development level of electro-hydrostatic actuator can be improved and promoted through research of the fundamental scientific theories and problems of new reluctance motor’s high speed design, electromagnetic loss and temperature rise, electric combination heat balance with 2D piston pump.

在长期从事二维液压元件研究的基础上，提出了二维（2D）活塞泵的结构原理，利用活塞的往复和旋转运动分别实现工作容积的周期变化和配流功能，不仅使泵的结构显著简化，而且免除和突破了高速、重载的滑动摩擦副及其对高压泵能效的制约，具有高效、高能及高速化的优势。通过对二维活塞动压润滑油膜理论、振动噪声及静音机理、高速化等科学和技术基础问题的研究，为其工程化发展提供理论支持。新型二维（2D）活塞泵与电磁电子技术的深度融合，为当下电液传动及控制的研究热点——电动液压技术开辟了全新的发展思路，为此提出采用轴向分相的湿式磁阻电机的新结构，其与液压泵融合而成的电动液压系统，不仅免除了转动轴的旋转动密封，提高了寿命与工作可靠性，而且可有效利用液压油对轴承进行润滑和对电机进行冷却；通过对新型磁阻电机高速化、电磁损耗与温升、 二维（2D）活塞泵的电动融合热平衡等科学和基础理论的研究，提升与促进电动液压技术的发展水平。

本项目研究目标为研制高转速二维活塞泵。为解决传统二维活塞泵存在的机械振动和流量脉动问题，提出了采用内外活塞的力平衡二维活塞泵来消除单活塞导致的机械振动问题，提出了一种并联型二维活塞泵，它将两台二维活塞泵以45度相位差机械串联，来解决单台二维活塞泵存在的流量脉动问题。本项目对力平衡二维活塞泵分别进行了容积效率和机械效率的数学建模，并通过实验测试其容积效率和机械效率。实验结果表明，当力平衡二维活塞泵在转速5000转/分，负载压力为4MPa时，容积效率为95%，机械效率为85%，这为证明二维活塞泵的高效提供了理论和事实依据。为进一步提升二维活塞泵的转速，提出了一种叠滚型二维传动机构，并对其核心部分的叠滚组件进行了数学建模。研制成功的叠滚型二维传动机构具有良好的机械特性，在工作转速10000转/分，负载压力5MPa时，机械损失力矩仅为0.45Nm。