螺旋混流式喷水推进泵轴对称矢量推进的流体动力学响应

The dynamic behavior of the water-jet propulsion is the coupling of the multifield fluid dynamic response process of the external flow around the vehicle , the inner flow and jet flow in the propulsion pump，which is the foundation of the dynamic behavior modeling, characteristic prediction and control system design of the vehicle. The maneuvering performance of underwater vehicle can be improved and the radiated noise can be reduced greatly with the pump-jet vectored thruster. The seven-blade highly-skewed propeller in many nuclear submarines abroad is replaced by the pump-jet thruster gradually. Although pump-jet thrust vector technology which is used to realize the thrust, pitch and yaw motion by the changing of the nozzle angle with the deflection of the rudder is far behind the aviation in the world.. In this item，a screw mixed-flow pump with the superiority of high speed thrust and low speed thrust was taken as the research object. A water-drop marine vehicle is selected as the carrier of the water-jet pump. The association model will be derived between the fluid-dynamic parameters with the magnitude of vector thrust and hydrodynamic vector angle by the experiment and numerical simulation. The question of dynamic response of the marine vehicle will be analyzed such as the thrust response under the variable outflow rate condition, the yaw and pitch moment response under variable water-jet angle and the hydrodynamic noise under the variable working conditions. A mathematical model on the relationship between the hydrodynamic characteristics of the propulsion pump and the fluid with the characteristics of the vector propulsion will be established. The research results will provide a little reference for the further theoretical research and application of our national pump-jet vectored thruster technology.

水下航行器喷水推进的动力学行为是航行器外部绕流、推进泵内部流动及泵射流多场流体动力学响应过程的耦合，也是航行器动力学行为建模、特性预测和控制系统设计的基础。国外许多大型核潜艇七叶大侧斜螺旋桨逐渐被高机动、低辐射噪声的泵喷推进所取代。目前国内外结合偏转舵面，快速实现航行器俯仰和偏航动作的泵喷矢量推进技术却远远滞后于航空领域。因此本项目以兼顾高速推进和低速推进的螺旋混流推进泵为研究对象，以水滴型水下航行器模型为载体，通过实验和数值计算的方法，建立推进泵流体动力学参数与泵喷推力矢量大小和矢量角之间的关联模型，以泵的出流速度和喷角等流体动力学参数为激励，分析水下航行体在变出流速度条件下的推力响应、变喷角条件下的偏航及俯仰力矩响应以及变工况条件下的水动力学噪声等动力学响应问题，建立推进泵与航行体流体动力学特性与矢量推进特性之间关系的数学模型，为我国泵喷矢量推进的理论研究和应用提供参考。

矢量泵喷推进是未来大中型舰船和潜航器提升机动性、降低推进系统振动和噪声的关键技术，本项目以兼顾高速和低速推进的螺旋混流式泵喷推进器为研究对象，以水滴型水下航行器模型为载体，通过实验、数值计算和理论分析的方法，考察了叶轮、空间导叶、喷管几何参数以及结构参数匹配对螺旋混流式喷水推进泵推进特性的影响，初步提出了以喷速比与过流面积比为基础的喷水推进泵的优化设计方法。其次，以泵的喷流速度和喷角等流体动力学参数推进器的系统输入，构建了推进泵流体动力学参数与泵喷推力、阻力矢量和矢量角之间的关联模型；基于潜航器操纵性基本理论和水动力系数，建立了泵喷潜航器六自由度空间运动模型，揭示了不同喷流速度和喷角下，潜航器斜航、转艏和俯仰机动的运动学响应。第三，采用瞬态数值计算方法，从内部流场及叶片载荷和径向力等方面分析了螺旋混流式喷水推进泵启动过程瞬态特性，揭示了推进泵启动时间及方式对喷水推进泵启动过程瞬态特性影响。第四，引入无量纲喷水推进泵进速系数对喷水推进射流产生的尾涡环进行无因次化定性分析，采用涡动力学与数学统计相结合的方法对射流尾涡环的诱导机理展开了定量描述，建立了泵喷尾涡环的传输速度、涡量、涡强及螺旋度等特征参数与推力之间的非线性系统数学模型；基于采用DES 模型和Lighthill声学有限元方法，得到了螺旋混流式泵喷潜航器喷流噪声辐射的一般规律。通过以上研究，本项目系统分析了泵喷潜航器喷流速度及喷角相关的矢量推力、偏航及俯仰力矩、水动力学噪声等动力学响应，建立推进泵与潜航器矢量推进特性之间关系的数学模型，可为我国潜航器泵喷矢量推进理论的深入研究和应用提供参考。