融合人体生物力学多源信息的汽车乘员座椅舒适性研究

The comfort of vehicle occupant-seat system, an important factor in vehicle comfort, will be taken as research object. Based on human musculoskeletal model, the uniform modeling of human biodynamics will be researched to obtain human body interface pressure distribution, human response to vibration and human lumbar spine load etc. This model would provide new approach to understand occupant-seat comfort from the view of human biodynamics. With the fusion of human subjective evaluation, body pressure distribution, human response to vibration and human lumbar spine load, the co-model of human subjective and objective evaluation will be established with optimized support vector machine. It will be a guide for evaluating seat comfort scientifically. Then the influence of seat structure parameters on occupant-seat comfort are investigated, such as physical characteristics of seat cushion, local support and other seat design parameters. Furthermore, taken human biodynamic parameters as optimization objective, the structure optimization method of seat foam will be researched, especially on modeling and solving. Finally, the vehicle seat was used to verify and improve the above models and methods. Throughout the study focused on occupant-seat comfort with human biodynamics and ergonomics, the results would provide new method for mechanism of occupant-seat comfort and development of seat. This project could enhance the research of occupant seat system comfort.

项目针对汽车舒适性的重要影响因素-乘员座椅舒适性，基于人体肌肉骨骼模型研究人体生物力学建模的融合与统一，获取人体体压分布、人体振动响应和人体脊椎力等人体生物力学信息，从人体生物力学角度为认识乘员舒适性提供新手段；融合人体体压分布、人体振动响应和人体脊椎力等多源信息，运用支持向量机方法探索主客观评价相统一的乘员座椅舒适性评价模型的建立，为乘员座椅舒适性的评价提供科学依据；基于人体生物力学模型及乘员座椅舒适性评价模型，研究座椅泡沫设计参数和物理特征参数的影响规律，分析其影响机理，在此基础上研究结构优化设计变量的选择、模型的构建及求解，以期形成面向人体生物力学指标的座椅结构优化方法。项目紧密结合人体生物力学和人机工程学，有望为揭示乘员座椅舒适性的影响机理提供新途径、为乘员座椅舒适性设计提供新方法，并以汽车乘员座椅系统完成有效性及实用性检验。项目研究成果对汽车乘员座椅舒适性的研究具有积极推动作用。

针对汽车舒适性的重要影响因素-乘员座椅舒适性，本项目开展了人体生物力学多源信息统一模型的建模方法研究，从人体体压分布、人体振动响应和人体脊椎力等人体生物力学信息角度反映坐姿人体舒适性。利用参数识别方法确定人体生物力学参数，建立可以预测人体振动响应特征的坐姿人体有限元模型；结合放射学研究成果对腰椎模型姿势进行调整，建立符合人体解剖学特征的腰椎有限元模型并用于腰椎动力学响应的预测分析；利用OpenSim建立一个包含详细脊柱信息的人体肌肉骨骼模型，预测人体在不同姿势下的腰部载荷，探讨了腰部支撑厚度、座椅靠背倾角的影响；开展振动激励下的体压分布指标与主观舒适性的关联性分析，提出了动态工况下体压分布指标，将振动激励下的体压分布应用于表征坐姿人体的振动舒适性；引入最大差异法测量法有效改进了舒适性主观评价的效果，从主观评价、体压分布、振动响应等角度，探究了聚氨酯泡沫厚度和硬度参数的影响；针对聚氨酯泡沫坐垫，提出了一种结合人体臀部-坐垫模型仿真结果确定体压映射函数的定制坐垫接触面体压映射设计方法，能更好地贴合人体臀部轮廓，并改善体压分布；围绕人体振动的改善开展悬架主动控制方法研究，基于Tikhonov正则化开展了传递路径分析方法研究，提高了振动源与路径贡献量识别精度。项目研究成果对汽车乘员座椅舒适性的研究具有积极推动作用。