基于生物质的有序多孔炭材料的可控制备及功能化修饰

This project focuses on the preparation and functionalization of biomass-derived ordered porous carbon nanostructures. The functionalized ordered porous carbonaceous materials will be obtained via a combination of soft-templating and low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization approach at mild conditions by using biomass or biomass derivatives as carbon precursors. A systematic investigation concerning the effect of various synthetic conditions on the formation of the functionalized porous carbon structures will be conducted, such as carbon precursors, templates, concentration, temperature and reaction time, etc.. While the characterizations on material morphology, porous structure and surface functional groups will be carried out, enabling an understanding of the synergistic reaction between carbon precursors and soft-templates as well as the law of different porous structures and morphologies formation, in order to realize the controllable preparation of highly ordered porous carbon structures. More importantly, the porous carbon materials could be further functionalized, such as heteroatoms (N, B, S, etc.) doping, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles anchoring, etc.. Benefits from the combined advantages of functional groups and ordered porous carbon structures are that these carbon materials could be used in industry and environmental important applications, such as energy storage (supercapacitor and Li-ion battery), separation, adsorption, catalysis, and so on. The synergistic effect between the carbon nanostructures and functional groups will be analyzed, so as to provide theoretical guidance in the development of the optimum functionalized ordered porous carbon materials. We believe that the implementation of this project will not only enrich and develop the design and synthesis of functionalized ordered porous carbon materials, but also provide a green and sustainable strategy towards the development of biomass utilization.

本项目旨在以廉价生物质及其衍生物为原料，采用软模板法与低温水热炭化法结合的制备方法，在温和的反应条件下制备功能化有序多孔炭材料。通过针对性研究方案设计，考察原料类型、浓度、反应温度和时间等因素对多孔炭材料的生成与性质的影响；结合材料形貌、孔径结构和表面官能团的多方面表征，并借助理论手段研究碳源与模板剂间作用机制，揭示有序孔结构和材料形貌的形成规律，进而实现有序多孔炭材料的可控制备。此外，还将对材料进行功能化修饰(如掺杂氮、硼、硫等杂原子，负载金属或金属氧化物纳米粒子等)，阐明材料孔径结构与功能基团的作用机制及协同效应规律，进而指导构建最优化的功能化有序多孔炭材料制备模型，并研究功能化多孔炭材料在储能(超级电容器、锂离子电池)、吸附、分离和催化等领域的应用。本项目的实施可以丰富和发展功能化有序多孔炭材料的制备科学理论，并为生物质转化为高值化材料提供一条新途径，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

本项目以廉价生物质及其衍生物为原料，采用低温水热炭化法与软模板法结合的制备方法，在温和的反应条件下制备了功能化有序多孔炭材料。通过针对性的研究方案设计，考察了原料浓度、反应温度和时间等因素对多孔炭材料的生成与性质的影响，结合材料形貌、孔径结构和表面官能团的多方面表征，研究了碳源与模板剂间作用机制，揭示了孔结构和材料形貌的形成规律。此外，还对材料进行功能化修饰 (如掺杂氮、硫等杂原子等)，阐明了材料孔径结构与功能基团的作用机制及协同效应规律。同时，以生物质废弃物为原料，经过降解和活化过程制备了高比表面积的多孔炭材料，并对材料的形貌、孔径结构及官能团进行了详细表征。进一步研究了制备的功能化多孔炭材料在吸附、分离和储能 (超级电容器) 等领域的应用。本项目的实施丰富和发展了功能化有序多孔炭材料的制备科学理论，并为生物质转化为高值化材料提供了新的途径，具有重要的理论和现实意义。