高速列车振动行为、振动失效和振动评价研究

A dynamic model of high-speed train coupling system is established and the vibration behavior of the structural parts is studied while the train in a high speed running state,also the vibration transfer relationship and dominant modes of parts in operating conditions are analysised.On the basis of the failure mechanism which caused by vibration, the failure chain of high-speed train system are acquired, then the correlation between the failure chains and its influence on the dynamic performance of high-speed train are discussed. The dynamic reliability and reliability sensitivity design of the high-speed train system are studied under random excitation,which is multi-degree of freedom and strongly nonlinear.Combine the dynamic performance and structural reliability of the components, the relationship between failure characteristics and vibration intensity of structural components is investigated in order to get a safety threshold of the vibration intensity of key components in high-speed train , and a control value is given to evaluate suspension failure and structural damage like tread wear,bearing failure. Finally, the evaluation criterion of vibration intensity will be peoposed to provide some references and suggestions for the design and operation of high-speed train.

建立考虑结构振动的高速列车耦合大系统动力学模型，研究高速列车在高速运行时零部件的振动状态和振动行为，零部件间振动的传递关系，零部件振动主导模态及运行工况之间的相关性；探明振动引起的零部件失效机理，据此建立高速列车系统失效链，研究失效链之间的关联度及其对零部件振动状态和列车动力学性能的影响，对随机激励下的多自由度、强非线性高速列车系统进行动态可靠性和可靠性灵敏度设计研究；结合零部件的动力学性能和结构可靠性，研究结构部件的失效特征和振动烈度之间的关系，从而实现量化高速列车关键零部件振动烈度安全阈值，评定踏面磨耗、轴承等结构损伤和悬挂失效的控制值。最终得到高速列车零部件振动烈度评价指标，为高速列车的设计和运营提供参考和建议。

我国高速铁路起步时间较晚，运营经验不是很丰富，由于高速列车运行速度高、服役环境恶劣特性，保障高速列车安全运营显得尤为重要。项目围绕高速列车安全运营这一中心思想，针对高速列车安全服役性能演变过程的三个技术难点，即高速列车振动行为、振动失效和振动评价进行研究。.在振动行为方面，针对高速列车大系统，提出了基于滑移窗口的长大线路建模与仿真计算方法、基于循环变量的高速列车递推建模和计分方法、应力模态等科学研究方法，完成了高速列车耦合大系统动力学这一专著，在国内引起重要关注。.关于高速列车关键零部件，建立了齿轮传动系统和轴箱轴承系统的精细化模型，首次考虑了整车振动环境下齿轮传动系统、轴承系统的振动特性，以及悬挂系统服役过程中性能退化等因素，掌握高速列车服役过程中整车及零部件的动态行为，研究成果将大大提高高速列车的结构可靠性和运营安全性。.在振动失效方面，提出高速列车系统动态可靠性研究方法，构建高速列车关键部件健康评估系统。以轮对和构架为研究对象进行了动态可靠性分析，建立悬挂系统、齿轮传动系统的可靠性模型，分析高速列车齿轮传动系统、轴箱振动演变规律，形成了考虑高速列车广义安全性的理论研究体系，扩展和延伸高速列车动力学的研究领域和范围。.在振动评估方面，构建出高速列车零部件振动评价模型，实现高速列车轮对失效振动评估、轴承失效定性和定量评估、转向架失稳振动评估，保障关键部件及系统的可靠运营。最后，形成直观的振动评价量化指标即振动阈值，为高速列车的前期设计提供依据，而且为高速列车的实际运营维护提供参考和建议。