广西巴马县人群长寿与地质环境关系的研究

Bama county is the world famous longevity zone, whose social and economic developments are balanced. The food composition and eating habits are similar in different villages of Bama. Our survey found that the level of longevity makes a great difference in different villages. The longevous populations mainly live in the areas which located in the mountainous region and sandstone hilly region, seldom live in heaped-up mountains area. This provides the unique conditions for research on relationship between geological environment and longevity. Based on our previous studies,we choose a longevous village (mountainous region), a general longevous village (sandstone hilly region) and a non-longevous village (heaped-up mountains area) as the research sites in Bama. We will collect the soil, water, food, crops and hair samples of different age people to measure the contents of macro and trace elements in these samples，so as to find out the correlation between the longevity in Bama and the contents and ratios of chemical elements. Combined with biological function of chemical element and the data of questionnaire investigation and physical examination, the longevity element spectrum which maybe exist in the longevous population of Bama county and the the source in environment, bioamplification and bioavailability of chemical elements would be analyzed to provide basis for the animal verification experiment of the correlation between trace elements and longevity, and the research of the health care products.

广西巴马县是世界著名长寿之乡。全县社会经济发展均衡，居民生活方式和饮食习惯近似，但各乡镇长寿水平相差很大，长寿老人比例在石山区乡镇、砂岩丘陵区乡镇和土山区乡镇呈非常明显的高中低排列，为研究长寿与地质环境的关系提供了独一无二的现场。根据前期研究的提示，本课题选择巴马县长寿乡镇（石山区乡镇）、次长寿乡镇（砂岩丘陵区乡镇）、非长寿乡镇（土山区乡镇）和与巴马县邻近的非长寿县平果县的一个乡镇为研究现场，采集这些地点的土壤、水、空气、食物和农作物、不同年龄组段人群头发等样品，测定比较这些样品中的主要常量和微量元素，以期发现人群中可能存在的某种或某些异值化学元素和比值，结合各元素的生物学功能、研究对象的流行病学调查资料及体检情况，分析巴马人群可能存在的“长寿元素”或“长寿元素谱”，以及这些元素的环境来源、生物富集和生物有效性。研究将为下一步的化学元素与长寿关系的动物实验验证和健康保健产品的研发提供依据。

本研究采集长寿地区的土壤、水、空气、食物和农作物、不同年龄组段人群头发等样品，测定比较这些样品中的主要常量和微量元素，以期发现人群中可能存在的某种或某些异值化学元素和比值，结合各元素的生物学功能、研究对象的流行病学调查资料及体检情况，分析巴马人群可能存在的“长寿元素”或“长寿元素谱”，以及这些元素的环境来源、生物富集和生物有效性。研究结果发现：1. 适当浓度的镁、铜可能有利于长寿，钠和锶可能会缩短当地居民的寿命。2. 铜与当地人群的HbA1c呈正相关，而镍与HbA1c呈负相关。3. 人群认知障碍的风险与Al、Cu和Cd之间存在显著的正相关，与Rb的负相关相反。4. .Mo和Cd暴露与骨质疏松症为正相关，Sr暴露与骨质疏松症为负相关。5.铜暴露水平越高认知障碍发生风险越高；铜暴露与rs364048多态性对认知功能的影响可能存在正向交互作用。