酰胺基二元羧酸双配体表面活性剂的设计及其对菱锰矿的选择性絮凝浮选特性与机理研究

In order to resolve the problems of large consumption, low selectivity and inefficient separation manganese from gangue minerals, this proposal will use the well-sourced amino acids as structural units to modify, and to design and synthesize a class of biligand surfactants which possess both flocculation and collection ability, as well as introducing them into rhodochrosite flocflotation. Based on study of the structure optimization and synthesis of collector, a novel class of acylamino dicarboxylic acids collectors and its preparation methods will be developed. The effect of acylamino dicarboxylic acids collector on the flotation behavior of rhodochrosite will be systematically studied, as well as the effects of hydrophobic group, spacer group, physicochemical parameters of pulp and inevitable ions on the flotation performance of acylamino dicarboxylic acids collector will be revealed. The quantum chemistry and interfacial adsorption chemistry will be recommended to investigate the adsorption mechanism and configuration of acylamino dicarboxylic acids collector on the interface of rhodochrosite, and establish the interrelationship between collector structure, adsorption configuration and flotation performance of acylamino dicarboxylic acids collector. This proposal will be expected to provide a novel class of collectors with high efficiency and scientific theory and technological basis for flotation utilization of low-grade manganese carbonate ore in China.

针对低品位锰矿物浮选过程中捕收剂用量大、选择性不高，有用矿物与脉石矿物分离困难等问题，本项目以来源广泛的氨基酸为结构单元，对氨基酸分子进行结构修饰，设计并合成一类具有絮凝和捕收双重功能的双配体表面活性剂，将其用于菱锰矿絮凝浮选。通过捕收剂结构优化设计和合成研究，研究出新型酰胺基二元羧酸捕收剂。系统研究酰胺基二元羧酸捕收剂对菱锰矿的浮选行为，揭示疏水基、间隔基结构以及矿浆物化参数、难免离子对酰胺基二元羧酸捕收剂絮凝浮选性能的影响。通过量子化学和界面吸附化学的研究，揭示酰胺基二元羧酸捕收剂在菱锰矿界面的吸附机理与吸附构型，建立酰胺基二元羧酸捕收剂结构－吸附构型－浮选性能的相互关系。为我国低品位碳酸锰矿资源的浮选利用提供一类新结构的高效捕收剂及其浮选理论与技术基础。

开展低品位锰矿选矿富集技术研究，研发细粒锰矿浮选新工艺和新药剂，提高细粒级锰矿回收率，是保障我国锰业可持续发展的必由之路。项目针对我国低品位碳酸锰矿物浮选过程中捕收剂用量大、选择性不高，有用矿物与脉石矿物分离困难等问题，设计了一类具有酰胺基和双羧基官能团的双配体表面活性剂，将其用于菱锰矿絮凝浮选。系统研究了酰胺基羧酸捕收剂对菱锰矿的浮选行为，揭示了捕收剂分子结构以及矿浆物化参数对酰胺基羧酸捕收剂絮凝浮选性能的影响，阐明了酰胺基羧酸类捕收剂在菱锰矿界面的吸附机理，建立了酰胺基羧酸类捕收剂结构－吸附构型－浮选性能的相互关系。研究发现在浮选过程中，酰胺基双配体捕收剂分子间的羰基和氨基可形成分子间氢键、静电或偶极等作用，自组装成有序结构的分子膜，这种有序的分子膜使得捕收剂紧密地排列在目标矿物表面，降低了水分子的表面张力，增强目标矿物的疏水性；同时，酰胺基双配体捕收剂的活性基团吸附在颗粒表面，分子间的羰基和氨基可通过分子间氢键等弱相互作用产生疏水性缔合，形成枝状或网状“大分子”，从而使矿粒桥联絮凝，实现微细粒菱锰矿的絮团浮选。研究结果为我国低品位碳酸锰矿资源的浮选利用提供一类新结构的高效捕收剂及其浮选理论与技术基础。