转型升级背景下组织创新的多层因素及动态机制研究

Organizational creativity and innovation becomes more and more important in the context of innovation-driven economy and industrial upgrading. The existing research paradigm, either the one adopted by micro scholars focusing on the creativity of individuals or teams without considering the implementation of creativity in concrete products and services, or the other adopted by macro scholars focusing innovation at the aggravated firm level without paying attention to the processes and mechanisms of innovation, lacks congruence and comprehensiveness. This project advances the research paradigm by synthesizing both the micro and macro perspectives of creativity and innovation, and achieves the goals by designing multiple studies. We will survey a large-sample of firms in multiple industries, get deeply involved through interviews and grounded theory in target firms, and conduct field experiments in some firms to investigate how organizational leaders make sense of and respond to external environments and build innovative organizations, trace the interactions between creative employees and managers and between creative individuals (i.e., entrepreneurs) and external investors. We intend to identify the multilevel factors influencing the processes of making sense of the eco-system, industrial upgrading paths, designing the innovative organizations, employee creativity motivation and behaviors. On the one hand, the project will investigate the trickle down mechanism in which creativity and innovation are facilitated by the eco-system of environment and industry, firm innovation strategy formulation, and the design of proper organizing systems. On the other hand, the proposal will examine the pop up mechanism in which individual employees voice to supervisors to improve organizational innovation and organizational leaders respond to the external environment. In summary, the proposed project intends to integrate the macro and the micro perspectives to formulate a new theory to explain organizational creativity and innovation in China.

在创新驱动的经济发展模式和产业升级背景下，本项目突破以往的研究范式，即微观组织学者仅关注个人或团队的创造力(creativity)却忽略其在产品和服务中的实现、而战略学者仅关注创新(innovation)却忽略其过程和机制，将组织创造力与组织创新有机地结合起来进行研究。利用对多行业企业的大样本调查、典型企业的深度研究、企业现场试验等方法，考察企业领导者对环境的解读与应对，剖析企业打造创新型组织，追踪创新员工与管理者和外部投资人的互动关系，从创新生态体系、企业创新战略、创新组织设计、员工创新行为等角度，揭示影响组织创造力和组织创新的多层次因素。本项目将勾画从解读生态系统和行业、制定企业创新战略、到设计恰当组织以促进团队或员工创造力这一自上而下的传导机制（trickle down），也揭示员工就提升组织创新向上进言、组织领导者对于外部环境的反馈等自下而上的涌现过程（pop up）。

创新研究存在微观和宏观领域割裂的现象，即微观学者仅关注个人的创造力却忽略其在产品和服务中的实现，而战略学者注重二手数据分析却无法揭示创新的过程和机制。本项目将组织创造力与企业创新的研究范式有机地结合起来。通过多项二手数据分析、企业现场调查、典型案例研究和实验室实验，本课题考察领导者对环境的解读与应对，剖析企业打造创新型组织，探讨员工与管理者的互动。从企业外部环境、企业战略的形成、组织体系、团队过程、员工行为等多角度，揭示影响组织创新的多层次因素和机制。本项目团队取得了丰硕的成果，26篇英文论文发表在国际顶级和权威期刊上，包括4篇AMJ论文,3篇OBHDP论文，还有 SMJ, JIBS等顶级期刊论文，以及诸如JoM, HRM, PPsy, JEBO, IJPE, MOR等一流期刊的大量论文。9篇中文论文发表在包括《管理世界》和《心理学报》等权威期刊上。这些论文从营商环境、行业生态、战略领导、企业战略、企业创新、高管的信念、企业人力资源管理、团队领导特征、团队创新、个人创造力、个人行为等角度，探讨影响企业和团队创新以及个人工作后果的机制。为了聚焦组织创新，揭示从宏观环境—行业特征—高管认知—企业战略—组织体系—员工行为—企业/个人结果这一链条中的若干机制，在执行本项目的后期，课题组加大了案例研究的力度，通过访问精细挑选的多个企业的创始人或者高管，完成了12个中文和英文案例，旨在勾画领导者解读行业、制定战略、建立组织体系，从而促进企业创新和提升员工创造力这一自上而下的传导机制，并揭示企业员工就提升组织创新向上进言和反馈、以及企业领导者以优秀的实践影响行业的发展等自下而上的涌现机制。通过多层次和多方法的研究，本课题揭示了传导机制和涌现机制构成的循环回路系统，是企业培育员工的创造力、获得创新成果，并实现二者彼此加强的良好机制。由于课题密切联系实际，所获得的学术成果不仅获得省级领导的批示和重要市政府的采纳，而且几个研究观点产生了重大的社会影响，体现了课题服务国家战略的努力。