碳纳米管改性的超疏水硅藻土多级孔陶瓷及其油/水分离性能研究

The leakage accident of crude oil, and the discharge of industrial effluent containing oil and the great amounts of waste plastic in world caused a disastrous impact on the local ecosystem, and seriously endanger the health and safety of human beings, animals and plants. Three-dimensional absorbent materials are widely used owing to their strong adsorption capacity, high pore volume ratio, easy recovery and repeated use in oil/water separation. However, the current three-dimensional absorbent materials generally suffer the disadvantages of single pore structure, poor mechanical properties and wear resistance, and high preparation cost, and thus make them difficultly to be used for recycling oil from water under harsh condition. To address these problems, based on the knowledge of catalysis chemistry and surface chemistry, the present research project aims to in-situ synthesize carbon nanotube functionalized superhydrophobic hierarchical diatomite porous ceramics by using foam-gelcasting/ freeze casting technique with plastic waste as starting materials and Fe/Co/Ni/W nanopartilces as catalysts. The following investigations will be carried out in the project: 1) Optimizing the foam agent and the rheological behavior and stability of the slurry to realize the hierarchical structure of macropore, mesopore and micropore in porous ceramics. 2) The preparation of hierarchical diatomite porous ceramics using foam-gelcasting/ freeze casting technique. 3) Synthesis of carbon nanotube via catalyzed pyrolysis process using waste plastics as staring materials; 4) Preparation of carbon nanotube functionalized superhydrophobic hierarchical diatomite porous ceramics and its oil/water separation capacity. The basic theory on the preparation of carbon nanotube functionalized superhydrophobic porous ceramics will be elucidated on the basis of the experimental results and new kinds of superhydrophobic hierarchical diatomite porous ceramics with good mechanical properties and wear resistance, and long service life for oil/water efficiently separation will be prepared to solve the increasingly environment pollution caused by serious oil leakage and discharge of industrial oily wastewater.

石油的泄漏、工业含油废水的随意排放以及大量不可降解的废塑料给人类的生态系统带来灾难性的影响。当前的三维吸附油/水分离材料普遍存在着力学性能及耐磨性能差、孔径单一、使用寿命短和制备成本高等缺点。针对这些问题，在催化化学和表面化学的相关理论指导下，本项目拟先采用发泡-胶凝注模/冷冻干燥法制备力学性能及耐磨性能高、价格低廉的硅藻土多级孔陶瓷；再以废弃塑料为原料，通过催化裂解原位沉积碳纳米管的方法对硅藻土多级孔陶瓷进行改性，并使其具有超疏水功能和优异的油/水分离能力。重点研究：1)泡沫剂的优选、硅藻土浆料的流变性及稳定性；2)发泡胶凝注模/冷冻干燥法制备硅藻土多级孔陶瓷；3)高效催化裂解废塑料合成碳纳米管；4)碳纳米管改性超疏水硅藻土多级孔陶瓷的制备及油/水分离性能。通过研究为新型陶瓷基三维多孔高效油/水分离材料的制备奠定理论基础，解决日益严重的油品泄漏及工业含油废水对生态系统的污染问题。

石油的泄漏、工业含油废水的随意排放以及大量不可降解的废塑料给人类的生态系统带来灾难性的影响。当前的三维吸附油/水分离材料普遍存在着力学性能及耐磨性能差、孔径单一、使用寿命短和制备成本高等缺点。针对这些问题，运用物理化学、催化化学的相关原理，提出发泡-凝胶注模/冷冻干燥结合原位催化裂解废弃塑料工艺制备微结构可控、孔隙率高、耐压强度和断裂韧性高以及耐磨性能优良的CNTs改性超疏水硅藻土多级孔陶瓷的新方法。弄清废弃塑料催化裂解原位生成CNTs的合成机理，探明催化剂种类、粒径、用量及裂解温度等对CNTs的原位催化合成的影响规律。通过对CNTs改性超疏水硅藻土多级孔陶瓷机械性能、耐磨性能以及油/水分离性能的研究，阐明多级孔陶瓷微结构与其油/水分离性能之间的关系，制备机械性能、耐磨性能及油/水分离性能优异的新型三维多级孔超疏水吸附材料，为多孔陶瓷在油/水分离领域的广泛应用提供理论依据。.相关研究成果在本领域国内外期刊发表学术论文53篇，在国内外学术会议宣读学术论文24篇，其中被SCI收录39篇，被EI收录37篇(同时被SCI收录的33篇，单独被EI收录的3篇。)，核心期刊论文20篇。授权国家发明专利5项。培养毕业博士生3人，培养毕业硕士研究生9人(在读2023年毕业1人)。获得2019年度湖北省自然科学二等奖1项(项目负责人张海军为第1完成人；编号：2019Z-028-2-011-003-R01)。