临近空间高动态飞行器的检测前聚焦雷达探测技术

The recently emerging near space highly maneuvering targets cause the serious threats for the national air-defense security due to their many characteristics different from the conventional targets, e.g., ultra-high speed, high-maneuverability, low radar cross section (RCS), ultra-far range, effective coverage difficulty, plasa shealth, ionosphere layer pollution and cosmic ray interference. Based on general signal parametric modeling for near spacehighly manenuering targets of ground-based, airborne and spaceborne radars, this project will propose novel focus-before-detection methods with respect to hybrid distributed radar network, changed scale, multi-dimensions, multiple targets, micro motion, varied model and non-parametric processing. Based on joint coherent integration and energy focusing in multi-domains, the proposed FBD based methods can effectively suppress the strong ionosphere layer pollution and background interference, as well as the problems like scaled effect of echoes, arbitrary motion, aperture fill time, sparse sub-band frequency synthesis, across range cells, across Doppler cells and across beam widths. The proposed FBD based methods can remarkably improve the signal processing performance on target detection, parameter estimation, maneuver tracking, high-resolution imaging, feature extraction and target recognition. Besides, they are suitable for both near space highly maneuvering targets and conventional targets, as well as applicable for both new-generation radars and conventional targets. Therefore, the proposed FBD based methods of near space highly maneuvering target detection have both important academic research value and wide application aspects.

最近涌现的临近空间高动态飞行器存在超高速、高机动、超远程、低RCS、等离子鞘套、电离层污染、宇宙射线干扰等显著区别于常规目标的特性，构成对国家防空安全的严峻威胁。基于地基、机载、天基等不同平台雷达临近空间高动态飞行器通用信号建模，本项目将提出针对分布式组网、多维度、变模型、多目标、微运动、非参数化等应用的检测前聚焦雷达信号处理新方法，通过多维参数空间相参积累和能量聚焦，克服尺度伸缩、任意运动、孔径渡越、稀疏子带、跨距离、跨多普勒和跨波束等效应，有效抑制电离层污染和有源干扰，显著提高低信噪比下的临近空间高动态飞行器的目标检测、参数测量、聚焦成像、机动跟踪、特征提取和属性识别等环节性能。本项目成果适用于临近空间高动态目标也适用于探测常规雷达目标，适用于新体制雷达也适用于常规体制雷达，具备重要的学术理论价值和广阔的应用前景。

相对于航空器的内层空间和航天器的外层空间，临近空间存在诸多得天独厚的优势，因此美俄等军事强国均有发展临近空间高动态武器的长期而周密的计划。具有远程续航、全球一小时到达能力的临近空间高动态飞行器，对国家安全体系提出了新挑战，迫切需要发展有效的探测手段。.临近空间高动态飞行器存在超高速、高机动、超远程、低雷达截面积（RCS）、等离子鞘套等显著区别于常规目标的特性。针对这些问题，本项目研究了临近空间高动态目标空时频信号建模、混合分布式组网雷达探测、检测前聚焦（FBD）探测方法、基于FBD的探测仿真平台搭建等内容，突破了宽带尺度瑞登傅里叶变换（RFT）、空时RFT、混合积累检测器、子空间混合积累、自适应RFT、归一化自适应广义RFT、基于变换域的FBD快速算法、基于智能搜索的FBD快速算法、基于混合积累的FBD快速算法、基于粒子群优化算法的低信噪比下逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）高分辨成像、双/多站ISAR成像、基于ISAR图像的目标识别、临近空间高动态目标建模等关键技术，有效改善了临近空间高动态飞行器的目标检测、参数测量、聚焦成像、属性识别等环节的性能，取得了论文、专利、技术报告等研究成果。.本项目成果适用于临近空间高动态目标也适用于探测常规雷达目标，适用于新体制雷达也适用于常规体制雷达，具备重要的学术理论价值和广阔的应用前景。