临近空间高超声速机动目标的雷达检测跟踪理论与关键技术

There are some difficult problems of plasma sheath and range migration, Dopple speed migration as well as beam migration in signal accumulation when radar is used to detect and track hypersonic maneuvering targets in Near-space. To deal with the problems, the increase of effective integration time of radar signal is the taken an the breakthrough point. Based on the new theory, the methods of detection and tracking of hypersonic maneuvering targets in Near-space are presented to improve the radar's ability of detection and tracking of targets in Near-space. It mainly includes the following contents: (1) studying variable pulse width transmitting beam forming for radar's detection of targets in Near-space to solve the contradictions between echo continuity and maximizing transmitting energy utilization ratio during beam migration; (2) studying multi-dimension/multi-domain coherent integration of hypersonic maneuvering targets in Near-space to solve the problem of long-term coherent integration compensation for range migration and Dopple speed migration. (3) studying non-coherent integration TBD technique for maneuvering weak targets in three-dimensional Near-space to improve detection performance under maneuvering trajectory and ambiguous measurement migration for weak targets; (4) studying tracking technique for hypersonic maneuvering weak targets in Near-space to solve tracking problem under low detection probability of maneuvering targets and ambiguous measurement migration; (5) experiments about detection and tracking for Near-space targets in order to verify proposed models.

针对雷达探测跟踪临近空间高超声速机动目标中面临的等离子体鞘套、跨距离门-跨多普勒速度门-跨波束信号积累等难题，从提高雷达信号有效积累时间切入，结合新理论开展检测与跟踪技术研究，以提升雷达对临近空间高超声速机动目标的探测和跟踪能力。主要研究内容包括：（1）临近空间目标探测雷达可变宽发射波束形成研究，以解决目标跨波束情况下回波连续性和发射能量利用率最大之间的矛盾；（2）临近空间高超声速机动目标多维/多域相参积累研究，以解决跨距离门和跨多普勒速度门情况下长时间相参积累补偿的难题；（3）三维临近空间机动微弱目标非相参积累TBD研究，以提高微弱信号目标在机动轨迹、跨测量模糊区间情况下的检测性能；（4）临近空间高超声速机动微弱目标跟踪研究，以解决机动目标在低检测概率、跨测量模糊区间情况下的跟踪难题；（5）临近空间目标探测跟踪验证，以对所提出的模型进行验证。

本项目以雷达探测跟踪临近空间高超声速机动目标为研究背景，对临近空间目标面临的等离子体鞘套、跨距离门-跨多普勒速度门-跨波束信号积累等难点问题进行了深入研究。项目取得的研究结果包括：(1)研究了临近空间目标探测雷达可变宽发射波束形成的问题，提出利用循环延迟编码阵时-频-空耦合效应实现恒模、可变宽发射波束综合，并给出了低计算复杂度的信号参数解析求解方法；(2)研究了临近空间目标跨距离门和跨多普勒速度门情况下长时间相参积累难题，提出速度模糊数变化下的高速机动目标相参积累方法，解决临近空间目标高速运动导致的跨距离门徙动补偿问题，提出基于SDFrFT的快速参数估计方法，实现临近空间目标机动导致的高阶多普勒徙动补偿问题；(3)研究了三维临近空间机动微弱目标非相参积累TBD的问题，提出了机动轨迹未知情况下的检测前跟踪方法，实现了临近空间强机动目标的可靠检测；(4)研究了临近空间高超声速机动目标跟踪问题，实现临近空间目标的有效跟踪；(5)搭建了临近空间强机动目标检测跟踪演示验证系统，验证理论、方法和关键技术的正确性，可行性。.项目研究达到了预期目标，取得了多个有创新性的成果，为临近空间高超声速飞行器探测中关键技术问题的解决提供了理论基础和技术支撑。在执行项目期间，在IEEE Transactions等期刊和会议上总共发表论文84篇（均标注基金资助），其中SCIE收录文章32篇；培养博士生16人、硕士生25人；申请发明专利27项，其中授权19项；主办学术研讨会1次，协办全国性学术会议2次。