临近空间平台载雷达的地面动目标检测方法研究

In recent years, near space has become a hot airspace that many countries use it to gather information and attain military advantages. Compared with satellites, near space vehicles are more functioning, have batter maneuverability, technically easier to equip with payload and less difficult to update and maintain. What is more, since near space vehicles are closer to the ground, they are actually better at receiving low-power signals which will also make it more likely to achieve high-definition observation about what is happening on the ground. And it is much easier and cheaper to launch a near space vehicle than a satellite. Compared with the airplanes, the time length of near space vehicles could stay in the sky is dozens even hundreds times longer than airplanes. They could also see wider range, and survive longer. However, traditional techniques of detecting moving targets cannot work effectively on near space vehicle-borne radar. Due to the fact that the system of near space vehicle-borne radar has the characteristics of unstable, high maneuvering, short targets observing time and the problem of 'three-dimensional walking' (i.e. range walking, beam walking and Doppler walking), this project mainly focus on exploring some basic theories about signal processing, constructing a radar and signal model which can work in an unstable, high maneuvering environment, studying about how to examine and collect information from moving targets effectively, finishing the examination of targets on the ground and estimation of parameter and working out some other key signal processing techniques to solve these problems. In that way, the ability of radar systems in near space wide-range monitoring and forecasting could be improved. For our country development of near space high speed vehicle lay the foundation.

临近空间是近年来各国争夺信息和军事优势的热点空域。临近空间飞行器相比卫星具有机动性强、搭载有效载荷的技术难度低且易于更新和维护的特点，相比于飞机具有留空时间长、覆盖范围广和生存能力强等优势，因此，研究利用临近空间平台飞行器对地侦察与监视具有重要意义。然而高机动的平台、非平稳的环境以及目标积累时间短等问题，使得传统的机载/星载雷达动目标检测技术在临近空间平台载雷达上无法有效发挥作用，本项目将针对临近空间平台载雷达非平稳、高机动运动特点、目标积累时间短且存在"三跨"(跨距离、跨波束、跨多普勒)现象以及运动目标参数估计困难等科学问题，探索临近空间平台载雷达信号处理基本理论，构建非平稳高机动运动平台载雷达系统与信号模型，研究有效的运动目标检测与信息提取方法，实现运动目标检测与参数估计等关键技术，为提升临近空间平台雷达系统广域监视与预警能力提供支撑，为我国跨入临近空间高速飞行器研制奠定基础.

国家自然科学基金地区项目“临近空间平台载雷达的地面动目标检测方法研究”自2015年1月立项以来，针对临近空间平台载雷达系统非平稳、高机动运动特点，探索临近空间平台在雷达系统信号处理基本理论，构建非平稳高机动运动状态下雷达系统与信号模型，研究有效的运动目标检测与信息提取方法，完成对地面运动目标检测与参数估计等信号处理关键技术，提升临近空间平台雷达系统广域监视与预警能力。在目标参数估计、杂波抑制等方面取得了显著的成果。