高光谱微波辐射计大气温湿廓线探测通道选择问题研究

High penetrability to cloud of microwave remote sensing and high resolution of the infrared remote sensing is irreplaceable advantages of microwave remote sensing and infrared remote sensing. In recent years, the study of hyperspectral infrared detection are increasingly mature in the world, which has shown that the hyperspectral technology has important application value in the field of atmospheric detection. Using hyperspectral microwave radiometer can remedy the inability for the infrared remote sensing under cloudy and rainy conditions, which will certainly become new development direction of the passive remote sensing technology in the future. This project intends to build high spectrum microwave radiometer detecting simulation system, for the research of hyperspectral microwave radiometer channel selection for atmospheric temperature and humidity profiling. This hyperspectral microwave radiometer simulation model includes two kinds of simulation: line by line integral of the high spectral resolution radiative transfer model and parameterized fast radiative transfer model, to meet the two kinds of application requirements: precision spectral radiant light temperature calculation and the range of allowable accuracy fast simulation in channel calculation and selection. Based on this simulation model, we well analysis the absorption spectrum characteristic, channel weighting function, information capacity and channel correlation, retrieval results, determine the hyperspectral microwave radiation detection system channel selection scheme of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles detection, to lay the foundation of our country's independent development of hyperspectral microwave radiometer.

微波遥感对云的高穿透性和红外遥感的高分辨率是微波遥感和红外遥感各自不可取代的优势。近年来，国内外对高光谱红外探测的研究日趋成熟，已经表明了高光谱技术在大气探测领域具有的重要应用价值。高光谱微波辐射计可弥补红外遥感仪器无法在云雨条件下观测的不足，必将成为未来被动遥感的技术发展方向之一。本项目拟通过构建高光谱微波辐射计探测仿真模型，对高光谱微波辐射计大气温湿廓线探测通道的选择问题进行研究。高光谱微波辐射计探测仿真模型包含逐线积分的高光谱分辨率辐射传输模型和参数化的快速辐射传输模型两种模拟方案，以满足通道计算与选择时所需的精确光谱辐射亮温计算和精度允许范围内的快速仿真两种应用需求。基于该仿真模型，通过对吸收谱线特征及通道权重函数、通道信息容量和相关性、反演效果等进行分析计算，确定高光谱微波辐射探测系统大气温度、湿度廓线探测通道选择方案，为发展我国自主的高光谱微波辐射计奠定基础。

在提高现阶段大气垂直廓线探测水平迫切需求的驱动下，星载高光谱微波辐射计必将成为未来被动遥感的技术发展方向之一。在现有微波辐射计接收机技术水平条件下其可设置的通道数目是有限的，因此通过仿真研究确定通道位置是开展高光谱微波辐射计相关研究的首要工作。.本项目利用逐线积分的大气模型和海面发射率模型，构建了适用于微波波段的高光谱分辨率辐射传输模型。在此基础上，构建了相应的快速辐射传输模型，并对快速模型系数进行拟合计算，以满足通道计算与选择时所需的精确光谱辐射亮温计算和精度允许范围内快速仿真的应用需求。基于高光谱微波辐射计探测仿真模型和大气吸收谱线的分布特征，确定高光谱微波辐射探测系统通道选择初始方案，通过引入信息熵的概念，分析大气温湿廓线探测待选通道的信息含量和信号自由度，以大气温度和湿度廓线反演精度为主要依据，对初始方案进行调整，确定了高光谱微波辐射探测系统200个大气温度探测通道、120个湿度探测通道位置的合理设置方案。.本项目的研究成果可为发展我国高光谱微波辐射探测系统提供有力支持。