激光雷达结合微波辐射计的全天候高精度大气温湿度廓线无球探测技术研究

Measurements for atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles with all-weather, high-accuracy and real-time has important research significance and application value for the research of fine atmosphere structure. Based on the achievements granted by the National Fund project completed, in cooperation with the team for microwave radiometer from Xi'an Electronic Engineering Research Institute, aiming at the scientific problems that it is of most importance to the real-time detection of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles with all-weather, high precision for the study on fine structure of atmosphere, it is continued to study detection techniques for all-time measurements of Raman lidar, and to carry out the research on radiosonde-free detection techniques combined Raman lidar with the ground-based multi-channel microwave radiometer. It is mainly focused on the key techniques, including the optimization of the Raman-polarization lidar system, the retrieval technique for high-accuracy atmospheric temperature, humidity and total cloud water by the means of the fusion of Raman lidar and microwave radiometer, and the study on the technique of data fusion and interaction correction of atmospheric parameters, and to establish physical inversion method and hardware system, in order to achieve the study on radiosonde-free system for all-weather high-precision temperature and humidity profiles, and to obtain all-weather high-accuracy profiles of atmospheric temperature, humidity and water vapor, total amount of water, liquid water and other atmospheric information. Therefore, the results will not only provides plenty of reliable atmospheric information, and also provide a new solution and technical support for the realization of radiosnde-free detection system, which has important significance and application value.

全天候、高精度实时大气温湿度探测对研究大气精细结构有着重要的科学意义和应用价值。项目结合已结题国家基金仪器专项所取得的成果，与西安电子工程研究所的微波辐射计研发团队合作，围绕全天候、高精度大气温湿度廓线实时探测对精细大气结构研究重要性的科学问题，开展大气多参数拉曼-偏振激光雷达的全天时探测技术以及与地基微波辐射计的数据融合、交互校正及物理反演技术研究，实现无球气象探测技术。重点研究大气多参数拉曼-偏振激光雷达的全天时探测技术、激光雷达结合微波辐射计的高精度温湿廓线和云水总量的物理反演技术以及大气多参数数据融合与交互校正技术研究，建立新型的物理反演方法和硬件系统，获得全天候、连续、高分辨率、高精度的大气温度及湿度廓线以及探测路径气柱上的水汽和液态水总量等信息的全天候无球探测技术。项目研究成果将为大气结构的精细研究提供可靠的大气参数资料，为实现无球探空提供一种新的解决方法和可靠的技术支撑。

针对目前全天候、高精度实时大气温湿度探测对大气精细结构研究的重要意义和迫切需求，本项目紧密围绕激光雷达结合微波辐射计的全天候高精度大气温湿度廓线无球探测技术的科学问题，进行了大气多参数拉曼-偏振激光雷达系统的优化设计，实现了大气温湿度的全天时探测和精细反演；建立了拉曼激光雷达结合微波辐射计的高精度温湿度廓线的新型物理反演方法，使用拼接法和最优估计法进行了拉曼激光雷达与微波辐射计温湿度廓线的融合，实现了多探测手段的优势互补和大气多参数数据的有机融合；结合同期探空数据，开展了融合数据和物理反演方法的交互验证，结果表明经过Levenberg-Marquardt法得到的温度与探空数据的相关性为0.9661，误差在2K以内；水汽混合比与探空数据相关性为0.9585,误差在0.4g/kg以内。经过蒙特卡洛法得到的温度廓线的相关性为0.9669，误差在0.3K以内；水汽混合比的相关性为0.9851,误差在0.3g/kg以内。与西安电子工程研究所在西安市气象局观测站（泾河）联合开展了激光雷达与微波辐射计的协同观测实验，获得了10km以下全天候、连续、高分辨率、高精度的大气温度及湿度廓线，初步实现了激光雷达结合微波辐射计的无球探空技术。项目研究成果将大大丰富大气结构观测资料，对于数值天气预报，气象与气候变化等研究有着重要的科学研究意义，特别为人工影响天气工程选择最佳作业时间、以及防洪指挥决策部门的灾害预警预报提供实时天气形势和降雨特性资料至关重要。