污水厂尾水中污染物的分子光谱解析与识别模型研究

The effluents pollution from wastewater treatment plants has attracted increasing attention among the public. There are many species of pollutants in the effluents, and they cannot be characterized or quantitated by traditional analysis method in time. Molecular spectroscopy is a rapid characterization method of many organic contaminants. In this project, we are planning to use fluorescence probe to derive polysaccharide and to acquire the fluorescent signals of protein, fluorescence derived polysaccharide and humic acid in the effluents. Data mining method using chemometrics will be performed to establish the analysis and recognition model of the above pollutants. Based on fluorescence quenching of dissolved organic matter by heavy metal ions, the rapid characterization method of heavy metal ions will be established after combined with the ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of organic substance. The molecular spectra, i.e., ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and infrared spectra, will be used to characterize the extracts of the effluents by organic solvent or solid phase extraction method. The information will be acquired by chemometrics which is concerning to the unsaturated groups, principal fluorophores and special chemical bonds. Combined with the acquired results analyzed by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography, the recognition model of the liposoluble organic pollutants from the effluents will be established. The characterization and recognition of the pollutants using molecular spectra will provide the monitoring and analysis method for the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater for reuse purpose, and it will also provide technical support for the operation optimization of municipal wastewater treatment plants.

污水处理厂尾水污染问题已日益引起人们的关注，尾水中污染物种类繁多，传统分析方法难以快速表征和定量分析，而分子光谱是许多有机污染物快速表征方法。本项目拟采用荧光探针衍生多糖分子，获得尾水中蛋白质、荧光衍生多糖和腐殖酸的荧光光谱信号，再通过化学计量学方法对光谱信号进行数据挖掘和解析，建立上述物质的表征与识别模型；根据重金属离子淬灭溶解有机物荧光特性，结合有机物的紫外可见吸收光谱，建立尾水重金属离子快速表征方法；应用紫外可见、荧光和红外等分子光谱表征尾水的脂溶性提取物，利用化学计量学方法提取待测物质的不饱和基团、荧光主成分和特征化学键信息，结合气相色谱和液相色谱分析数据，建立尾水中脂溶性污染物的识别模型。尾水污染物的分子光谱表征识别将为尾水深度处理和中水回用提供监测和分析手段，同时也将为污水处理厂优化运行提供技术支撑。

污水处理厂尾水污染物种类繁多，紫外、荧光和红外等分子光谱手段是表征和识别尾水污染物快速分析方法。本研究采用3-氨基苯硼酸和柠檬酸钠制备了碳量子点荧光探针，通过量子点与多糖的特异性结合，运用荧光淬灭和共振光散射等方法，建立了污水厂尾水中多糖的荧光光谱表征方法。基于重金属离子会淬灭荧光而紫外光谱不受影响的原理，采用紫外光谱和荧光光谱联用的分析方法，构建了尾水中重金属离子赋存状态的快速识别方法。以汽车制造厂、日用化工品厂和城市污水厂尾水为研究对象，采用二氯甲烷等有机溶剂提取富集了尾水中的脂溶性有机物，运用荧光光谱和红外光谱对其中的荧光基团和特征化学键进行表征，结合气相色谱质谱联用技术进行未知物定性定量表征，从分子光谱和色谱质谱两种不同的角度对尾水中脂溶性有机物进行表征和识别，构建了分子光谱快速识别方法。相关研究为尾水深度处理和回用提供了监测和分析手段，同时也将为污水处理厂优化运行提供技术支撑。