纳米粒子原位杂化超滤膜的构建及其抗污染机理

Ultrafiltration(UF) membrane technology is considered as an important method for filling the requirements of safety of drinking water and reuse of industrial wastewater which meets the discharge standard. However, poor antifouling properties of traditional UF membrane affect its application and usage life. This project dedicates to investgating the improved antifouling mechanism of the hybrid UF membrane prepared by in situ nanoparticles modification route. Based on the structure design of the hybrid UF membrane，in situ hybrid UF membrane with small size and well dispersed nanoparticles will obtained by combination of the synthesis of nanoparticles under water free condition with the preparation of polymer UF membrane via traditional phase separation process. The condensation and evolution of inorganic precursor in ploymer membrane casting solution will be analyzed.Then, more attentions will be focused on the interaction between polymer chain and inorganic species as well as the assembly behaviour of nanoparticles around the pores during the membrane formation process.The relationship between the perparation condition and the structure of the obtained membrane will be analyzed. The interfacial reaction between the in situ formed nanoparticles in polymer matrix and the typical pollutants,e.g.natural organic matter(NOM), synthesized organic compound (SOC), and extracelluler polymer substances(EPSs), will be investgated. The antifouling mechanism and mass transportation property of obtained hybrid membrane will be elucidated. The relationship between the structure of obtained hybrid UF membrane and the enhanced removal efficency for typical pollutants in micro-polluted surface water will be explored. This project will solve the problems of short service life and fast flux reduction for trditional UF membrane and offer technical support for UF membrane applications in safety of drinking water and reuse of industrial wastewater.

以超滤为核心的膜法水处理技术是解决饮用水安全和达标污水回用的重要途径。针对传统聚合物超滤膜抗污染性差的不足，本项目提出构建纳米粒子原位杂化超滤膜并探索其抗污染机理的研究设想。从结构设计出发，将铸膜溶剂中纳米粒子的无水制备和相转化成膜相结合，分析无机物种前躯体在铸膜液体系中的演化、缩聚过程，获得纳米粒子高度分散的原位杂化超滤膜。考察成膜过程中无机物种与高分子链的相互作用及其在膜孔周围的组装行为，剖析制备条件与杂化膜结构的关联性；探究聚合物基体中原位形成的纳米粒子与以天然有机物(NOM)、合成有机复合物(SOC)及胞外聚合物(EPSs)为代表的目标污染物之间的界面作用，揭示原位杂化超滤膜的促进传输机理及抗污染机制，阐明其与目标污染物高效去除的构效关系。通过对这些科学问题的探索，可望解决传统超滤膜通量衰减快、使用寿命短的技术难题，为超滤膜法水处理在饮用水和达标污水回用领域中的应用提供技术支撑。

本项目针对传统聚合物超滤膜抗污染性差的技术难题，开展了利用纳米粒子原位制备技术构建新型纳米粒子杂化膜并探索其抗污染机理的研究工作。以原位制备技术的条件控制为重点，探讨了通过化学还原和溶胶凝胶途径制备纳米粒子的相关规律，获得了纳米粒子高度分散的原位杂化超滤膜。探索了纳米粒子前驱体在铸膜液体系中的演化、缩聚过程，考察了成膜过程中无机物种与聚合物链的相互作用及其在膜孔周围的组装行为，剖析制备条件与杂化膜结构的关联性。探究原位形成的纳米粒子与典型目标污染物之间的构效关系，揭示了纳米粒子原位杂化超滤膜的促进传输机理及抗污染机制。通过这些科学问题的研究和探索，获得了改善纳米粒子在膜基体中的分散性和团聚性的调控手段。应用结果显示纳米粒子杂化膜的原位制备技术可进一步提升纳米粒子对聚合物超滤膜综合性能的增强作用。通过对纳米粒子原位杂化超滤膜的制备与性能研究，在其制备、结构调控和应用方面取得了一些研究成果。在本项目资助下共发表学术论文14篇，其中SCI收录13篇，影响因子大于5的有6篇，一区文章8篇，论文发表的影响因子累计为59.764，刊物包括Journal of Materials Chemistry A，Journal of Membrane Science，Chemical Engineering Journal，Analytica Chimica Acta等。申报国家发明专利5项，3项授权；培养博士研究生2名，培养硕士研究生4名。完成了项目申请书中的成果要求。