基于虚拟切片的复杂实体力计量式三维数字化无损测量方法研究

The project combines the production problems of the digitizing measurement and copy for the key parts in Guangxi automobile manufacturers. It is put forward about a new method of 3D digitizing nondestructive measurement for the complex entity by measuring forces based on the virtual slices. The research contents include: A new principle and methods on reconstructing the 3D entity based on the virtual slices and orderly point clouds; The mathematics models of the three dimensional coordinates solved and their computing methods through measuring the balance forces method in the static environment; The precise measurement methods of the balance forces and the experimental prototype in the measuring system; The figure processing methods of the entity Reconstruction. The project aims to research systematically a variety of problems produced by the new method, Analyzes and masters a new method which can measure any complex form of the 3D homogeneous entity. The new method does not damage the entity, all the homogeneous materials can be measured, the measurement is convenient and Low cost. The 3D coordinate point-cloud data measured are layered and orderly and their reconstruction is easy. The measurement precision is expected to reach the international advanced level of the same kind. The project research contents have not seen in the literatures at home and abroad, so the project has the characteristics of the original innovation. It will have positive effects on the technology progress of the research field. The research results of the project will establish the foundation of the theory and technology for the design and implementation of the new method. The research results into further have wide application prospects. It has the vital significance to promote the technology product development of Guangxi independent intellectual property rights.

本项目结合广西汽车制造企业关键零部件数字化测量及仿制等生产难题，提出了一种基于虚拟切片的复杂实体力计量式三维数字化无损测量的新方法。研究内容包括：一种新的由虚拟切片有序点云重构三维实体的原理和方法；在静态环境下通过测平衡力求解三维尺寸的数学模型及其计算方法；测量系统中平衡力的精确测量方法和实验原型；重构实体的图形处理方法。本项目旨在系统地研究新方法所产生的各种问题，分析并掌握一种可测量任意复杂形体的三维均质实体的新方法，新方法不破坏被测实体，可测所有均匀材料，测量方便，成本低，所得点云三维坐标数据分层有序，重构简单，测量精度有望达到国际同类先进水平。本项目研究内容国内外文献未见报道，项目具有源头创新的特色，将对本研究领域的技术进步产生积极的影响。项目的研究成果将为新方法的设计和实现奠定理论和技术基础，研究成果进一步转化具有广阔的应用前景，对促进广西自主知识产权科技产品开发，具有重要意义。

本项目研究了一种基于虚拟切片的复杂实体力计量式三维数字化无损测量方法。设计了三维实体虚拟切片分层方法及虚拟切片方案，建立了相应的数学模型，研究了数学模型的求解方法，对于规则均质零件其计算误差数据点可控制在1%以内。采用计量式测量手段，建立了各测量方向杠杆平衡系统平衡力求解微小单元体三维坐标的数学模型，研究了数学模型获得精确和稳定解的方法和措施。设计了精密测量各平衡力的原型实验装置，完成了实验装置的设计制造并进行了验证实验。研究了系统摩擦力等各因素产生误差的数学模型及其补偿措施，提高了实验测量精度，通过对均质硬铝合金标准零件进行实验，以0.5mm作为单位步长对该机械零件进行测量与重构，取得了较好的验证结果。设计制作了无损测量装置控制系统、数据采集及交换系统软硬件。研究了基于分层特征有序点云三维重构技术，采用了基于曲线的模型重构方法，提高了逆向处理的效率。设计了NX二次开发系统，在NX软件中实现了基于分层特征有序点云的模型重构，完成了系统的集成研究和系统综合误差分析，研究了减少误差的措施。研究成果将为新方法的设计和实现奠定理论和技术基础，如测量精度进一步提高，将对本研究领域的技术进步产生积极的影响。研究成果在均质机械零件的无损检测方面具有较好的应用前景。